Neopterin Concentration as an Index of Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

“…), whereas accuracies of C-reactive protein are slightly lower in patients with CD and UC [71]. Another study recruiting 70 CD and 52 UC shows fecal neopterin increases just in feces other than in serum and urine [72]. …”

Section: Markers Related To Inflammation or Disease Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serological mopterin also correlated with ESR [97]. However, a study including 70 CD and 52 UC does not find any changes of mopterin in serum and urine but rather in stool [72]. …”

Section: Markers Related To Inflammation or Disease Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Jianbing

2014

Disease Markers

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease mostly involved with intestine with unknown etiology. Diagnosis, evaluation of severity, and prognosis are still present as challenges for physicians. An ideal biomarker with the characters such as simple, easy to perform, noninvasive or microinvasive, cheap, rapid, and reproducible is helpful for patients and clinicians. Currently biomarkers applied in clinic include CRP, ESR, pANCA, ASCA, and fecal calprotectin. However, they are far from ideal. Lots of studies are focused on seeking for ideal biomarker for IBD. Herein, the paper reviewed recent researches on biomarkers of IBD to get advances of biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease.

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“…Furthermore, fecal neopterin concentration is also increased in patients with clinically active or inactive Crohn's disease and in patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis when compared with controls. Therefore, neopterin represents a remarkable biomarker for the activity of IBD (Husain et al 2013 ). On the other hand, expression of IDO mRNA is markedly induced in perifollicular regions of lymphoid follicles in colonic tissues of IBD patients.…”

Section: Chronic Immune Activation In Infl Ammatory and Functional Bomentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Chronic Immune Activation

Engin

2015

Tryptophan Metabolism: Implications for Biological Processes, Health and Disease

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Chronic immune activation is encountered in different pathologies including granulomatous and functional bowel diseases, cancer, aging, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Persistence of chronic infl ammatory stimuli over time creates a biologic background for immunosenescence and favors neopterin formation with the enhanced tryptophan (Trp) degradation in diseases concomitant with cellular immune activation. Trp degradation leads to the generation of several neuroactive compounds by three distinct pathways.Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induction leads to many complex changes within the affected cells resulting in immunosuppression through breakdown of Trp. Thus, neopterin concentrations as well as IDO expression signifi cantly increase in infl ammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.However, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is linked with abnormal serotonin functioning and immune activation. In this case, enteric serotonin (5-HT) signaling may be defective and inactivated by the serotonin-selective reuptake transporter (SERT) in the enterocytes. A positive correlation is evident between IBS severity and kynurenine (Kyn) to Trp ratio which is signifi cantly correlated with the rise of interferon (IFN)-gamma.The dual host-protective and tumor-promoting actions of immunity are referred to as cancer immunoediting. IDO-reactive T cells are able to recognize and kill tumor cells as well as IDO-expressing dendritic cells (DCs). IDO activation leads to immunosuppression through breakdown of Trp in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-draining lymph nodes. C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4)+ forkhead boxp3(Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells create a favorable environment for tumor escape from host immune responses. Thus, Foxp3+/IDO+ tumors are associated with more advanced disease.Age-related changes in the immune system are known as immunosenescence. A causal relationship is evident between the Trp metabolism and immune defi ciency in elderly. Eventually, the reduced serum Trp concentrations and increased Kyn levels indicate increased chronic low-grade infl ammation in elderly. In this case,

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Neopterin Concentration as an Index of Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract: Fecal neopterin concentration is increased in patients with clinically active or inactive Crohn's disease and in patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis when compared with controls, and therefore represents a new biomarker for disease activity.

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Value of Serum Neopterin Level in Evaluating Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity

Value of Serum Neopterin Level in Evaluating Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity

Biomarkers of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Evaluation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Chronic Immune Activation

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