Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

Abstract

Prolonged physical exercise is associated with several immunological changes, e.g. increase in proinflammatory cytokines, changes in the white blood count etc. Great discrepancies exist with regard to the exercise-induced influence on serum immunoglobulin and neopterin values. One explanation could be the shifts in plasma volume (PV) during and after exercise which might influence plasma concentrations of these parameters. Therefore we investigated the consequences of a marathon race in a homogenous group of experienced runners on plasma volume shifts, serum Immunglobulin and neopterin concentrations. Plasma values with and without correction for plasma volume shifts were compared. PV was significantly diminished after the race (-8.4%) followed by a rise 34h after finish (+8.5%). Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM were increased within the first hours postmarathon and normalized in the recovery period. When chages in PV were considered, only IgA rose significantly. Serum neopterin remained unchanged after the marathon independently whether corrected for PV changes or not. We conclude that the increase in immunoglobulins in our study was mainly the consequence of plasma volume changes. Since neopterin was unchanged we have at least in our study no evidence for exercise-induced activation of the cellular immune system.

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Serum Igg Responses to Aerobic Activity in College Student Athletes

“…As an example, Subjects in the Ganga study were marathon runners, their mean activity duration was 2.7 hour but activity duration in the present study was 30 minutes. As well as, intensity of activity in Ganga study was maximal but intensity of activity in the present study was sub maximal (70 to 75 percent of maximum heart rate) [10]. Aerobic activity in Karacabey study was 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity 60 to 70 percent of maximal oxygen uptake that is very similar to the present study in terms of intensity and duration [18].…”

“…Also, not only in the recent studies of human subjects didn't showed exact mechanism of affecting systemic immunity by sleep or sleep deprivation but also the exercises and Sleep deprivation related studies that have examined changes in immunoglobulin responses are in conflict. Some studies have shown decreases or no change [7,10,14,23,24,33,35]; some have shown increases [13, 30, 34, and 36]. Therefore, the aim of this study was determine the effect of sleep deprivation on serum IgG responses to aerobic activity in college student athletes.…”

Measurement of changes in urinary neopterin and total neopterin in body builders using SCX HPLC

“…The communication of T cells and macrophages and the subsequent release of neopterin makes it an effective marker of immune system activation and inflammation [21,29]. Several studies have identified the rise of neopterin in plasma and urine following exercise [30][31][32][33]. Our thought is that the damage to muscle as a result of eccentric loading and hypertrophy training will increase the amount of macrophages present at these sites, and subsequently produce higher concentrations of 7,8-dihydroneopterin which can be oxidized to neopterin.…”

Muscle Trauma and Immune Activation after a Downhill Marathon (Tyrolean Speed Marathon)

“…Reports about exercise-induced changes in serum neopterin are scarce. Neopterin was increased after moderate endurance excrcise (e.g., mountain hiking, 9) but also after exhaustive endurance exercise (e.g., bicycle marathon and long-distance run; 10,11,12). The causes for an acute phase response due to exhaustive prolonged exercise are multifaceted and complex.…”