Nepheline Syenite—An Alternative Source for Potassium and Aluminium

Samantray, Jayashree; Anand, Amit; Dash, Barsha; Ghosh, Malay Kumar; Behera, Ajay Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05740-4_15

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Various roasting parameters like particle size of feldspar, roasting agent doses, roasting temperature, roasting time, and so forth, were varied to study their effect on recovery of potassium from FS. As in our previously reported articles, , calcium chloride was selected as the best roasting agent after taking various inorganic salts as roasting agents for nepheline syenite and feldspar. Therefore, eggshell powder was utilized together with hydrochloric acid to extract potassium from feldspar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

et al. 2020

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To recover potassium from feldspar, a biowaste, i.e., eggshell, was used. The chief composition of eggshells is calcite. As it is a rich source of Ca, hence it is used with HCl to produce calcium chloride. Feldspar is an aluminosilicate mineral that bears potassium in the interstitial sites. To unlock the potassium from the interstitial sites, it was roasted with calcium chloride prepared by mixing eggshell and hydrochloric acid. At the roasting temperature, CaCl2 melts and penetrates into the aluminosilicate matrix to replace K with Ca. Potassium ion released from the silicate matrix combines with chloride ions to form potassium chloride, which solubilized in water during the leaching process of the roasted feldspar. For elucidation of the mechanism of the roasting process, the shrinking core model was applied to the roast–leach data, and diffusion through the product layer was inferred as the rate-determining step. The order of the roasting process was found to be 2.158 and activation energy calculated to be 155.3 kJ/mol. Apart from potassium, sodium and excess calcium also got co-leached. To recover potassium from the leach liquor selectively, sodium perchlorate was added to precipitate potassium as KClO4. Further, potassium perchlorate was thermally decomposed to give fertilizer grade potassium chloride (purity: 99.81%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

et al. 2020

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“…Some researchers have paved the way since 1894 by proposing natural rocks as solutions [10]. Recent research focused on the use of K-bearing silicate rocks such as glauconitic sandstone, mica, sericite, ultrapotassic syenite, and phonolite [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These K-rich-bearing silicate rocks could serve as "stone foodstuff" because they are composed of minerals containing potassium and other macronutrients-beneficial elements required by plants such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), and iron (Fe).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

et al. 2021

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Due to the increasing demand for conventional sources of potassium (K) and their inaccessibility by African countries, K-rich igneous rocks are increasingly studied as potential alternative sources. In this study, six potassic igneous rocks (syenites and trachytes) from the Tamazeght, Jbel Boho, Ait Saoun, and El Glo’a regions (Morocco) were sampled and characterized. Then they were hydrothermally treated to enhance their K release for potential use as potassic fertilizers. The raw materials are mainly formed by microcline (up to 74%), orthoclase (20–68%), albite (36–57%), biotite-muscovite (15–23%), and titanite, calcite, hematite, and apatite as accessory minerals. These samples were crushed and milled to reach a particle size <150 µm and mixed with 4 N NaOH solution in an autoclave. The liquid/solid (L/S) ratio was about 44 mL/50 g. The powders were allowed to react with the solution at 170 °C for 7 h. For all tests, NaOH reacted completely with the powders and no liquid was observed after the treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were carried out on treated samples to characterize the mineralogical and structural changes due to the alkali-hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, the treated samples revealed the presence of sodic neoformed phases such as thermonatrite, sodalite, analcime, and cancrinite. The treated material was leached for a week using deionized water and the elements released were measured using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The hydrothermal process showed a strong effect on structure breakdown as well as on the release of K and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ca. Therefore, the alkali-hydrothermal treatment allowed the release of 50.5 wt% K. Moreover, the release of Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si were significantly increased. Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si release within raw materials was about (0.5–3.6), (3.5–31.4), (0.01–0.4), (0.01–0.3), (20–55), and (4.6–8) mg/kg, respectively, whereas treated samples showed a higher release of these elements. Quantitatively, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si releases were about (10–11.8), (60–70), (7–20), (1.2–15), (218–1278), and (1119–2759) mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, the treated igneous rocks (syenite and trachyte) could be directly used as potassic fertilizers that would also be a source of other nutrients.

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“…Nepheline syenite is the most important non-bauxite source for the extraction of alumina and is used in some countries (Kogel and Society for Mining M, Exploration 2006;Jena et al 2016;Panov et al 2017). Nepheline syenite is also an alternative source for sodium and potassium salts (Jena et al 2014(Jena et al , 2019Samantray et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterisation of sodium and potassium carbonate salts from carbonation alkaline aluminate liquor

Barakan

Ayaluey

Shayanfar

et al. 2021

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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The polythermal crystallization method has been used to extract sodium and potassium carbonate salts as valuable by-products. The salt production was carried out using an alkaline carbonate solution from the Azarshar nepheline syenite pilot plant in Iran. The optimum conditions were obtained by comparison between the results of thermodynamic modelling and experiments. To better understand the properties of the carbonate salts, thermal analysis, chemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction methods were also utilised. The optimum density and temperature for sodium carbonate crystallization were found to be 1.50 g/cm 3 and 115-120°C, respectively, and for hydrated potassium carbonate crystallization to be 1.68 g/cm 3 and 130°C at the first stage, and 1.70 g/cm 3 and 135°C at the second stage, respectively. The thermodynamic modelling showed good agreement with experimental data for the carbonate salts.

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Nepheline Syenite—An Alternative Source for Potassium and Aluminium

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

Production and characterisation of sodium and potassium carbonate salts from carbonation alkaline aluminate liquor

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