Nephroprotective Effect of Sonchus oleraceus Extract against Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia‐Reperfusion in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Introduction Kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of delayed graft function in solid organ transplantation. Sonchus oleraceus is a plant with well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its effects on renal I/R are unknown. Objective To evaluate whether S. oleraceus extract (S.O.e.) has nephroprotective activity in an I/R model in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Animal groups (n = 6): sham, I/R (45 min/15 h), S.O.e (300 mg/kg p.o.), and S.O.e + I/R (300 mg/kg, p.o.; 45 min/15 h). Renal function, proinflammatory cytokines, alanine aminotransferase, markers of oxidative stress, and histology were evaluated. Results None of the mediators evaluated differed significantly between the S.O.e and sham groups. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proinflammatory cytokines were higher, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower in the I/R group than in the sham group. Histology showed tubular epithelial necrosis in the medulla and cortex in the I/R group. In the S.O.e + I/R group, S.O.e pretreatment attenuated the I/R-induced increases in BUN, creatinine, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines induced, SOD was maintained, and histology showed discontinuous necrosis in the medulla but no necrosis in the cortex. Conclusions S.O.e was neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. S.O.e. pretreatment showed a nephroprotective effect against I/R.

A Lanosteryl Triterpene (RA-3) Exhibits Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects in Rats

“…Since inflammation and oxidative tissue damage are common culprits in various pathophysiologies including nephropathy, nephroprotective drugs with both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are highly desired. The nephroprotective potential of most medicinal plant extracts and their derived compounds has been associated with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [ 11 , 33 ].…”

“…There is substantial evidence on potential role of various medicinal plants, as crude extracts or pure isolated compounds [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], in protecting the kidney from various insults thus, maintaining its integrity and functions. Even though methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA-3), a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia (Bernh) Engl., has displayed significant various bioactivities such as antihyperlipidemic [ 14 ], antihyperglycemic [ 15 ], and cardioprotective [ 16 ] effects, its nephroprotective potential has not been reported.…”

Peer Review #3 of "Effect of sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in male, and succinic acid in female Wistar rats against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting a role of the HIF-1 pathway (v0.1)"

“…Several mechanisms are involved in the processes causing IR injury, such as ROS generation, redox imbalance, necrosis-apoptosis, and the inflammatory response (Dorweiler et al 2007). To ameliorate the effects of injury, various strategies have been tried including the use of antioxidants (Li et al 2014;Torres-González et al 2018;Yildiz et al 2015), anti-inflammatory compounds (Zhang et al 2018;Zhu et al 2014), and surgical strategies, such as IPC (Cai et al 2013;Cai et al 2008;Shen et al 2018) and RIPC (Albrecht et al 2013;Hausenloy & Yellon 2007;Kalakech et al 2013).…”

“…Periods of ischemia of 45 minutes (Kang et al 2005) and 60 minutes (Nakagawa et al 2005) have been widely reported in the literature. We decided to use a protocol of 45 minutes of ischemia and 15 hours of reperfusion based on the results of previous studies in our laboratory, which have shown that this protocol causes a significative injury, but is mild enough to identify compounds with moderate nephroprotective activity, allowing us to study deeply their potential pharmacologic activity (Cura-Esquivel et al 2018;Perez-Meseguer et al 2019;Torres-González et al 2018).…”

Effect of Nizatidine on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage

“…SOD ve GPO aktivitesi nizatidin verilen NIR grubunda ise RİR grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yükselmiştir. SOD ve GPO enzimlerinin reperfüzyon sırasında üretimi artan SOR'ların sebep olduğu oksidatif hasarın azaltılmasında önemli antioksidan etki gösterdiği bildirilmiştir (26,27). Literatürde nizatidin ile ilgili bilgilere rastlanmadı.…”