Nephroprotective effect of silymarin against diclofenac induced renal damage and oxidative stress in male rats

Abstract

Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC), a phenylacetic acid compound which belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is generally used for the treatment of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute muscle pain conditions and osteoarthritis. Overdose of DIC can lead to renal injuries in both experimental animal and human. Our research was done to assess the protective role of silymarin on renal damage induced by DIC in rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n=8/group). Group 1 was control group; animals in group 2 were administrated DIC; Groups 3 and 4 administrated DIC plus silymarin with doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally (p.o), respectively. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate. Results: In the second group, the levels of kidney catalase (CAT), vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkably reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Also, urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gene expression of TNF-α in this group were noticeably elevated (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Treatment with silymarin caused a remarkable elevation (P < 0.05) in vitamin C, SOD, CAT and a remarkable reduction (P < 0.05) in the content of MDA, urea, Cr, TNF-α gene expression and serum TNF-α in comparison with second group. Histological injuries were also ameliorated by silymarin administration. Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative role against renal damage and oxidative stress induced by DIC in male rats.

Diclofenac-Induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats: Involvement of Antioxidant Mechanism

“…This may exacerbate the condition of renal damage resulted from uric acid. The results of these biomarkers in this study are in accordance with the reports of [32] [33] [34]. Diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity was manifested by elevation in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, and was confirmed through oxidative stress disturbances that have been reported by many workers [11].…”

“…Multiple factors, such as dose regulation based on renal function, hydration and avoidance of nephrotoxic agents, have been suggested to prevent or improve drug-induced nephrotoxicity [12] [37]. Nevertheless, drug induced toxicity remains a major problem for health care specialists.…”

“…It is rapidly and completely absorbed after consumption and attaches to albumin in plasma [9]. Its side effects include nephrotoxicity and liver toxicity Normally, combinations of biochemical and physiological phenomena play a key role in kidney vulnerability and renal toxicity [12]. Diclofenac toxicity has been associated with oxidative stress but there is paucity of information on the involvement of antioxidant mechanism.…”

Silymarin mitigates diclofenac-induced liver toxicity through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats

“…MDA is a reliable marker for lipid peroxidation (LPO). Increased LPO by DIC as one of the signs for oxidative stress published previously by various studies (14,27,29). In this research, DIC-induced liver toxicity led to a noticeable elevation in the content of MDA in serum and hepatic tissue relative to the control animals that is in line with the prior published investigations (5,30,31).…”

Constipation: An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used for constipation in Shahrekord city, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, Iran

“…Chronic constipation increases the body level of Plant Biotechnology Persa Volume2, Issue 1, 2020 oxidative stress [34]. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of a wide range of diseases [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Therefore, patients with constipation who suffer from other diseases may benefit further from these plants.…”