Today, medicine is at a stage when traditional diagnostic tools no longer meet current needs, which has led to the rapid development of molecular diagnostic methods that not only complement traditional research methods but also provide insight from the point of view of molecular pathophysiology. mRNA analysis is a new field that could revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. The study of mRNA can be used for diagnosing and classifying kidney diseases, predicting the progression of nephropathies, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, and developing modern approaches to therapy. As a new field, mRNA analysis faces a number of challenges and limitations, but as technology advances, the technique becomes more accessible for clinical use.