“…Proteomics analysis has shown that 3-MCPD affects enzymes involved in the endogenous metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, nitrogen, fatty acids, lipids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing a partial explanation for the nephrotoxicity of 3-MCPDE. 2,67,68 In summary, the kidney is the main target organ for the toxicity of 3-MCPDE. Other toxicity of 3-MCPDE, such as testicular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity, have been reported in several studies.…”