Nephrotoxicity induced by different diameters of sphere gold nanoparticles with special emphasis on the nephroprotective role of quercetin

Abstract

Background: Although, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are attracting more and more attention due to their ease of synthesis, modification and great potential value in biomedical application, exhibited harmful effects on human health and other living species. Quercetin (Qur) clarify diverse pharmacological effects specially anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant ones. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the probable nephrotoxicity induced by different diameters of sphere GNPs, as well as the nephroprotective role of Qur. Methods: A total of fifty-four healthy mature male albino rats were grouped and treated with or without sphere GNPs; 10, 20 & 50 nm and quercetin (200 mg/kg b.wt.). The effects of GNPs and Qur were estimated through the collections of blood and kidney samples from euthanized rats and performed to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: In comparison between different diameters of GNPs, the 10 nm GNPs revealed more significant elevations in all renal function parameters; Creatinine, Urea, BUN and Uric acid followed by 20 nm then 50 nm. Pre-cotreatment with Qur decreased all renal functional values. Histopathologically, 10 nm revealed the most potent renal pathological changes that represented in renal cortex with cloudy swelling of renal tubules, hypercellularity of some glomeruli, severe congestion of renal blood vessels, focal inter tubular edema, and vascular endotheliosis (degeneration of endothelium). In addition, the renal medulla revealed perivascular inflammatory cellular infiltration, perivascular fibrosis, intra tubular glycogen deposition and casts deposition of mainly cellular casts. On the other hand, Qur treatment ameliorated most of these pathological changes. Conclusion: The size of GNPs is pivotal in their pathological effect on renal tissues where the small-sized GNPs; 10 nm has more potent cytotoxic, inflammatory, and apoptotic effects rather than the larger ones. Otherwise, Qur clarified a significant mitigating role against the nephrotoxicity of the GNPs.

The apoptotic, oxidative and histological changes induced by different diameters of sphere gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with special emphasis on the hepatoprotective role of Quercetin

“…In addition, they also clarified that Qur prevents the development of hepatic fibrosis and reduces toxicant-induced liver injury. These findings were supported by Abdelrahman et al 51 who noticed that the Qur has more potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects and has a significant mitigating role against the GNPs toxicity. And also, the position of Qur was supported by Eldin et al 43 who demonstrated that histopathological effects induced by the metal particle were observed to be mitigated by concurrent Qur administration, as evidenced by a lack of Prussian blue staining in the Qur-treated group.…”

“…Finally, the current study clarified that the greatest pathological changes were noticed in G2 received 10 nm GNPs more than other groups that received larger diameters; 20 and 50 nm GNPs. Where, this finding was confirmed by the result of Abdelrahman et al 51 who clarified that the size of GNPs is pivotal in their pathological effect on the renal tissues where the small-sized GNPs, 10 nm have more potent cytotoxic, inflammatory, and apoptotic effects rather than the larger ones.…”