Nerve-Driven Immunity 2012
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0888-8_2
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Nerve Driven Immunity: Noradrenaline and Adrenaline

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Cited by 8 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 268 publications
(262 reference statements)
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“…Considering that propranolol and glucocorticoids may affect catecholamine synthesis (Tuross & Patrick, 1986; Kvetnansky et al 2009; Cosentino & Marino, 2012), peritoneal exudate cells and/or macrophages were examined for noradrenaline content and the expression of enzymes involved in catecholamine metabolism.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Considering that propranolol and glucocorticoids may affect catecholamine synthesis (Tuross & Patrick, 1986; Kvetnansky et al 2009; Cosentino & Marino, 2012), peritoneal exudate cells and/or macrophages were examined for noradrenaline content and the expression of enzymes involved in catecholamine metabolism.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In many cell types, glucocorticoids have been shown to modulate the expression of enzymes involved in both catecholamine biosynthesis and degradation. Specifically, they influence the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the key enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, and monoamine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A), the major enzyme involved in catecholamine degradation in macrophages and lymphocytes (Kvetnansky et al 2009; Cosentino & Marino, 2012). In addition, it has been demonstrated that glucocorticoids affect the expression of both β‐ and α 1 ‐adrenoceptors (Wolfe et al 1976; Day et al 1999).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besedovsky and Del Rey [4] have suggested that, in addition to the affected cell subpopulation, the effects of NA also depend on the stimulus that triggers the immune response and, above all, on the activation stage at which macrophages and lymphocytes are exposed to neurotransmitters [5]. The processes directly or indirectly affected by sympathetic neurotransmitters are mainly the phagocytic process and antigenic presentation, the expression of adhesion molecules, the activation of lymphoid cells, the production of cytokines and chemokines, the Th1/Th2 balance, and the generation of cytotoxic cells [4,6,[8][9][10][11]. NA can also play a very important role in recirculation and leukocyte trafficking between lymphoid organs and blood [1,4,9,11], modulating chemotactic capacity and accumulation of phagocytes in inflammation sites as well [8,12,13].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Increasing evidence indicates that DA plays an important role not only in mediating cross-talk between central nervous and immune systems , but also at a peripheral level by acting on tumor-associated immunologic alterations . Indeed, DA is synthesized, with rare exceptions, in most types of immune cells and released to the extracellular environment after specific stimulation . Due to the increasing interest in the use of immunotherapy as an efficient tool to boost the occurrence of the abscopal effect , and because of the DA interference with the immune system, a study of dopaminergic cell response to X-ray irradiation is necessary, especially in view of the potential synergy that it could have along with immunotherapy for malignant tumor treatment.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%