Nerve Growth Factor: Biological Significance, Measurement and Distribution

Harper, Given; Thoenen, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb04615.x

Cited by 154 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…NGF failed to promote the survival of ciliary ganglion neurites even at concentrations 1000-fold higher than those which significantly stimulated neurite growth. The present results extend the growing body of recent evidence that specific populations of central and peripheral cholinergic neurons can respond to NGF.Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide hormone that plays an important role in development and function of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons (Greene and Shooter, 1980;Harper and Thoenen, 1980). NGF promotes fiber outgrowth, survival, and the synthesis of key transmitter-related enzymes in these neurons.…”

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confidence: 80%

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An effect of nerve growth factor on the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion

Collins¹

1984

J. Neurosci.

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Mouse submaxillary nerve growth factor (NGF) increases the length and density of neurites extended from embryonic chick ciliary ganglia in vitro. The effect is not as pronounced as with dorsal root ganglia, but it occurs at the same low concentrations of NGF. This effect was observed on polyornithine substrata with or without pretreatment of the substratum with conditioned medium. NGF did not significantly increase the length or density of neurites extended from spinal cord or neural retina explants in the same culture conditions. Stimulation of ciliary ganglion neurite outgrowth did not occur when NGF was replaced with cytochrome c or epidermal growth factor, whereas insulin had an effect comparable to that of NGF when present at much higher concentrations. Four different purified preparations of NGF gave identical results. The purity of two of these preparations was determined after radioiodination; greater than 98% of the radioactivity migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gels, and greater than 94% of the radioactivity was bound by affinity purified anti-NGF antibody. The effect of NGF on neurite growth could be separated from its effect on neuronal survival. NGF failed to promote the survival of ciliary ganglion neurites even at concentrations 1000-fold higher than those which significantly stimulated neurite growth. The present results extend the growing body of recent evidence that specific populations of central and peripheral cholinergic neurons can respond to NGF.Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide hormone that plays an important role in development and function of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons (Greene and Shooter, 1980;Harper and Thoenen, 1980). NGF promotes fiber outgrowth, survival, and the synthesis of key transmitter-related enzymes in these neurons. Recent evidence indicates that specific populations of cholinergic neurons in the peripheral (Collins and Dawson, 1983) and central (Honegger and Lenoir, 1982;Gnahn et al., 1983) nervous systems also respond to NGF, with increased levels of choline acetyltransferase or with enhanced fiber outgrowth. These neurons also exhibit specific uptake and retrograde axonal transport of NGF in uiuo (Max et al., 1978;Schwab et al., 1979). It seems worthwhile to study the effect of NGF on these cholinergic neurons in more detail in order to understand the possible role of NGF or NGF-related molecules in their normal development.The present report extends our recent finding that physiological concentrations of NGF stimulate neurite outgrowth from isolated parasympathetic cholinergic neurons of the chick ciliary ganglion (Collins and Dawson, 1983). The present experiments compare the effects of NGF on intact ciliary and dorsal root ganglia in terms of the degree of NGF stimulation of neurite outgrowth, the dose-response curves of both ganglia to NGF, and the effect of NGF on neuronal survival. Intact ciliary ganglia were used in the present experiments to exclude the possibility that the previously reported response of these neurons...

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supporting

confidence: 80%

“…Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide hormone that plays an important role in development and function of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons (Greene and Shooter, 1980;Harper and Thoenen, 1980). NGF promotes fiber outgrowth, survival, and the synthesis of key transmitter-related enzymes in these neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effect of nerve growth factor on the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion

Collins¹

1984

J. Neurosci.

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“…This is the biologically active subunit of the NGF complex and its structure and function have been well-characterized in experimental animals (8)(9)(10)(11). First, there is a strong, though not complete, correlation between the neuropathologic changes observed in rodents exposed in utero and postnatally to antibodies to ,B-NGF and those found in patients (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural gene for beta-nerve growth factor not defective in familial dysautonomia.

Breakefield¹,

Orloff²,

Castiglione³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Nerve growth factor (NGF) from mouse salivary gland is known to induce sprouting (9)(10)(11). We have now extended our investigation of the role of gangliosides by studying sprouting from DRG induced by NGF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(9)(10)(11)16). Among such factors is the well-characterized NGF (9), which has been demonstrated in vitro to induce sprouting from DRG and from PC-12 cells (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprouting from chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia induced by nerve growth factor is specifically inhibited by affinity-purified antiganglioside antibodies.

Schwartz¹,

Spirman²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The involvement of gangliosides in processes related to nerve regeneration and sprouting has been demonstrated' recently. The type of interaction by which gangliosides may influence neuronal' sprouting was investigated in the present work.Affinity-purified rabbit anti-GMI antibodies were found to block the sprouting from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of chicken embryo induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Only a moderately inhibitory effect was produced by antibodies directed to GM2, suggesting a specific interaction between NGF and GM1. In spite of the low inhibitory effect ofanti-GM2 antibodies on sprouting, their binding to dissociated DRG cells was found to be higher than that of anti-GMl antibodies. These results emphasize the high resolution of the system and suggest that the interaction of NGF with GM1 is involved in the process of sprouting.Gangliosides are cell membrane-associated molecules that appear to have an important role in various cellular events including differentiation, growth, transformation, and regeneration (1-7). It has been demonstrated that administration of gangliosides intraperitoneally to denervated rats accelerates nerve regeneration (4-6). The addition ofgangliosides to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and neuroblastoma cells cultured in vitro has been found to promote neurite outgrowth from these cells (8). These studies suggested that neuronal gangliosides play a role as mediator molecules in trophic interactions. Indeed, we recently have found that specific antibodies to gangliosides block neuritic outgrowth from goldfish regenerating retinal explants (7).Nerve growth factor (NGF) from mouse salivary gland is known to induce sprouting (9-11). We have now extended our investigation of the role of gangliosides by studying sprouting from DRG induced by NGF. We have used liposomes containing gangliosides as an agent for affinity purification of antiganglioside antibodies. We found that addition of affinity-purified anti-GM1 antibodies to cultured DRG blocks the sprouting induced by J3-NGF. By contrast, antibodies against GM2 had only a limited effect, in spite of their higher extent of binding to dissociated DRG cells. It is suggested from the present study that gangliosides, in particular GM1, are involved in the process of sprouting from DRG induced by NGF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gangliosides. These were. extracted from whole bovine brains with chloroform/methanol and' then subjected to alkali treatment and phase partition. The gangliosides were further purified by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 with elution by chloroform/methanol/0.8 M sodium acetate, 30: 60: 8 (vol/vol) (12). The ganglioside preparations were found to be completely devoid of contaminating proteins detectable by amino acid analysis.Preparation of Antibodies. Outbred rabbits were obtained from the breeding colony ofthe Animal Breeding Center ofthe Weizmann Institute of Science. The rabbits were immunized with highly purified mixed gangliosides (5 mg) complexed noncovalently to methylated bovine serum a...

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Nerve Growth Factor: Biological Significance, Measurement and Distribution

Cited by 154 publications

References 88 publications

An effect of nerve growth factor on the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion

An effect of nerve growth factor on the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion

Structural gene for beta-nerve growth factor not defective in familial dysautonomia.

Sprouting from chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia induced by nerve growth factor is specifically inhibited by affinity-purified antiganglioside antibodies.

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