Nerve implants in botulinum poisoned mammalian muscle

Fex, Sören; Sonesson, Bengt; Thesleff, S.; Zelená, Jiřina

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007953

Cited by 87 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is not clear, however, whether this influence of the nerve is mediated through the action of ACh itself, or is a consequence of the activity induced in the muscle by the nerve. When the release of ACh from motor nerve terminals is prevented by botulinum toxin, skeletal muscle fibres develop extra-junctional sensitivity to ACh and may become innervated by an implanted foreign nerve [Thesleff, 1960;Fex, Sonesson, Thesleff and Zelena, 1966]. Similar changes in skeletal muscle also occur however when the conduction of nerve impulses is blocked by local anaesthetic [L0mo and Rosenthal, 1972;Jansen, L0mo, Nicolaysen and Westgaard, 1973].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROLONGED EFFECTS OF A POST‐SYNAPTIC BLOCKING FRACTION OF NAJA SIAMENSIS VENOM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE MOUSE

Tonge

1978

Exp Physiol

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A sublethal dose of a post-synaptic blocking fraction of Naja siamensis venom was injected into the soleus muscle of the mouse inhibiting neuromuscular transmission for 2-3 days. The paralysed soleus muscle behaved as if denervated, developing extra-junctional sensitivity to acetylcholine and accepting innervation by an implanted foreign nerve. Since the only known action of the postsynaptic blocking fraction of this venom is due to its affinity to acetylcholine receptors, the results suggest that the spread in the sensitivity of muscle fibres to acetylcholine and their ability to accept a foreign nerve is a consequence of neuromuscular blockade.The venoms of many elapid snakes are known to contain polypeptides with prolonged or irreversible curare-like activity at the neuromuscular junction [Lee, 1972]. The selective affinity of some of these polypeptides has been used to extract and purify acetylcholine (ACh) receptors from the electric organ of torpedo [Miledi, Molinoff and Potter, 1971;Karlsson, Heilbronn and Widlund, 1972]. The prolonged action of these compounds may also be used to study the effects of chronic post-synaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission on skeletal muscle. In the present study sublethal doses of a neurotoxin of Naja siamensis venom with curare-like activity were injected into the soleus muscles of mice, causing prolonged block of neuromuscular transmission. After the muscles were paralysed they behaved as if denervated, suggesting that the preservation of certain physiological properties of skeletal muscle requires neuromuscular transmission to be intact.A preliminary account of these findings has already been published [Duchen, Heilbronn and Tonge, 1975]. METHODSSurgery. Adult albino mice of either sex were anaesthetized with an i.p. injection ((0 5g. kgof Avertin (Bayer Products Company) and the soleus muscle of the right leg exposed by dissection. Under directvision 3-5,ul of a solutioncontaining 1mg.ml-Iof the purified principal toxin of Naja siamensis venom [Karlsson, Arnberg & Eaker, 1971] dissolved in 1 % Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 6-6) containing 0-2 % gelatine was injected into soleus. The incisions were closed with clips. Up to 50 % of the mice died within 6 h of the injection of toxin.In 16 mice the common peroneal nerve (CPN) was cut and the proximal stump inserted into the part of soleus close to its proximal tendon (where there are no end-plates) two weeks *Present address:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROLONGED EFFECTS OF A POST‐SYNAPTIC BLOCKING FRACTION OF NAJA SIAMENSIS VENOM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE MOUSE

Tonge

1978

Exp Physiol

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“…However, the time relation between synapse formation and refractoriness to hyperneurotization has not been determined. If the vagus grows diffusely over the muscle, many multiple contacts may be formed before the muscle becomes refractory; for it has been shown that there is no retraction of newly formed synapses in botulinum poisoned muscles, after the original end-plates recover from the toxin and become functional (Fex, Sonesson & Zelena', 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contractile and electrical responses of vagus‐innervated frog sartorius muscles

Landmesser¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Frog sartorius muscles were transplanted to the thoracic region and re-innervated by the gastric vagus nerve. Contractile responses of the re-innervated muscles were studied. Micro-electrodes were used to measure electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. Histological studies of the sartorius and vagus nerves and re-innervated muscles were also carried out.2. Autonomic nerve fibres of the gastric vagus form functional connexions with the skeletal muscle fibres. Such vagus-innervated muscle fibres do not atrophy.3. Neither the contractile nor the passive electrical properties of the muscle fibres are altered by vagal innervation.4. Synaptic transmission is quantal in nature and describable by a Poisson distribution as at normal sartorius junctions. The muscle fibres, however, do show extensive multiple-innervation, and unlike normal sartorius junctions, vagus-muscle junctions have a low quantal content and show a long-lasting facilitation.5. Properties of the vagus nerve fibres apparently are not altered by synapsing with skeletal muscle fibres. They remain small diameter and have high threshold for electrical stimulation.6. The ability of these nerve and muscle fibres to influence each other is rather limited in the adult amphibian.

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“…As far as the 'en grappe' configuration of hybrid PLD junctions is concerned, it should be noted that end-plates of a similar appearance, though with higher ChE activity, are frequently formed in mammalian muscles by the implanted 'twitch' nerve (Koenig, 1963;Fex, Sonesson, Thesleff & Zelena', 1965;Gutmann & Hanzlikova, 1967); it seems therefore that the 'en grappe' configuration in itself, without a functional correlate, would not be a reliable criterion of the 'slow' character of the junction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and slow muscles of the chick after nerve cross‐union

Hník¹,

Jirmanová²,

Vyklický³

et al. 1967

The Journal of Physiology

108

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SUMMARY1. The mualtiply innervated anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and the focally innervated posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of the chick were investigated 2-18 months after nerve cross-union.2. The fast PLD muscle re-innervated by the slow muscle nerve became supplied with 'en grappe' end-plates and responded to a single nerve volley with local potentials only. Control PLD muscles re-innervated by the original nerve, had 'en plaque' end-plates and responded to a single nerve volley by synchronous action potentials in the same way as normal muscles.3. In the slow ALD muscle re-innervated with the 'mixed' PLD nerve, the type of innervation and of electromyographic response remained practically unchanged, with the exception of transplanted ALD muscles supplied with PLD nerves where, in addition to local responses, propagated action potentials were registered electromyographically in response to single nerve volleys.4. ALD muscles of young chickens re-innervated both with an implanted purely fast muscle nerve and with the regenerated original nerve, had two types of innervation: 'en plaque' end-plates around the nerve implant, and multiple 'en grappe' end-plates in areas supplied with the ALD nerve. Accordingly, propagated action potentials were registered in response to single nerve volleys in regions near the implant, whereas local potentials were recorded in areas with original innervation.5. Contraction velocity was not substantially altered in PLD and ALD muscles after nerve cross-union.6. No changes were observed in the fine structure of muscle fibres in .extrajunctional regions.

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Nerve implants in botulinum poisoned mammalian muscle

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

PROLONGED EFFECTS OF A POST‐SYNAPTIC BLOCKING FRACTION OF NAJA SIAMENSIS VENOM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE MOUSE

PROLONGED EFFECTS OF A POST‐SYNAPTIC BLOCKING FRACTION OF NAJA SIAMENSIS VENOM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE MOUSE

Contractile and electrical responses of vagus‐innervated frog sartorius muscles

Fast and slow muscles of the chick after nerve cross‐union

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