Nerve Stimulator–Guided Sciatic-Femoral Block in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Undergoing Hind Limb Surgery: A Case Series

d’Ovidio, Dario; Rota, Simone; Noviello, Emilio; Briganti, Angela; Adami, Chiara

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.014

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The use of local anesthetics in birds is common practice due to their ease of use, the absence of environmental pollution, and specific equipment is not required [8]. Regarding the chicken in the case reported here, the technique described for dogs and adapted for birds of prey [3] was used to block the femoral and sciatic nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-two 42-day-old, double-breasted male chickens of the species G. domesticus, weighing 1.86 ± 0.5kg, were divided into four groups: Control group (CG): 1 mL/kg of physiological solution 1 [2]; lidocaine group (LG): 4 mg/kg of lidocaine 2 [3]; bupivacaine group (BG): 2 mg/kg of bupivacaine 3 [4] and the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine group (LBG): 4 mg/kg of lidocaine plus 2 mg/kg of bupivacaine [6].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block

Silva

Nunes²,

Gering

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Osteosyntheses, orthopedic surgeries that cause highly painful stimulation, are increasingly common in veterinary medicine. Epidural anesthesia is used to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mammals undergoing pelvic limb surgery. In birds, the synsacrum, the bone originating from the fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, makes this route inapplicable, thus peripheral nerve block is an easier option in this species. This report describes a case of local hypersensitivity following the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine in anesthetic blocks of the femoral and sciatic nerves in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).Case: A study was conducted in chickens evaluating the effectiveness of anesthetic sciatic and femoral nerve blocks, guided by a neural stimulator. Thirty-two 42-day-old male chickens of the species Gallus gallus domesticus, double breasted, weighing 1.86 ± 0.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups: control (CG), lidocaine (LG), bupivacaine (BC) and the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine (LBG). The doses used were 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor. For CG, 0.9% NaCl solution was used, respecting the total volume of 1 mL/kg. Only one bird from the LBG showed side effects, presenting sensory and motor loss for 24 h after the administration of these drugs, before euthanasia was performed using anesthetic induction with isoflurane through a face mask, followed by the intravenous administration of propofol and then potassium chloride. The chicken was submitted to a necropsy and macroscopically, soft, irregular, brownish lesions with a grayish focus were observed, indicating areas of necrosis in the muscles adjacent to the femoral and sciatic nerves. Histopathological examination showed mild, active inflammatory migration with perivascular organization, highlighting the presence of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, segmented heterophiles, and areas of hemorrhagic foci. The pairs of nerves evaluated showed edematous areas, but no inflammatory infiltrate, a histopathological finding that is considered to be nonspecific.Discussion: In the case of the chicken with side effects, histopathological examination showed vasculitis and hemorrhagic areas, which were correlated with ischemia and focal tissue necrosis, together with edematous lesions in the nerves evaluated, and extremities that showed an inflammatory response. These changes are related to acute hypersensitivity lesions, the drug response and drug hypersensitivity. Local anesthetics have been widely used in birds, but there are reports of reactions, including neurotoxicity and local myotoxicity, and bupivacaine is the drug that shows the highest cytotoxicity. However, long-term, repeated applications of bupivacaine on the sciatic nerve do not induce degenerative neural lesions in rats, rabbits, and dogs. The reactions described here are proportional to the concentration of the anesthetic injected, and in the case reported, the recommended dose for birds of 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor, was adhered to. These findings suggest a reaction specific to the bird described; however, further studies regarding the local adverse effects of these anesthetics in birds should be conducted to make the practice of peripheral nerve block safer by testing different concentrations, associations and doses of the variety of drugs available.Keywords: birds, local block, drug hypersensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block

Silva

Nunes²,

Gering

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…12 The feasibility of blocking the sciatic and the femoral nerves with local anaesthetics has recently been described in a case series. 13 However, the analgesic efficacy of a dual nerve block of the femoral and sciatic nerves with a combination of two local anaesthetics (lidocaine and bupivacaine) combined with a subcutaneous lidocaine infiltration at the incision site has not been evaluated in this species. We hypothesized that this technique would decrease intraoperative nociceptive responses and would provide adequate postoperative analgesia in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

et al. 2016

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This study was designed to determine whether perineural injections of local anaesthetics decreases intraoperative nociception and improves postoperative analgesia in New Zealand White rabbits undergoing experimental stifle arthrotomy. All animals were anaesthetized using isoflurane and received morphine intramuscularly. The sciatic and femoral nerves of the leg to be operated on were located using a nerve stimulator (1 Hz, 0.5 mA). Rabbits were assigned to a treatment group (LB; n = 12) or a placebo group (P; n = 12) in a randomized blinded fashion. Group LB received lidocaine 2% (1 mg/kg) combined with bupivacaine 0.5% (0.25 mg/kg) injections around the sciatic and femoral nerves (0.1 mL/kg total volume per site) and subcutaneous infiltration of the incision site with lidocaine 1% (1.25 mg/kg). Group P received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl. Rabbits in group P required higher doses of intraoperative fentanyl and propofol to reduce heart rate and suppress increase in systolic blood pressure, and maintain an adequate anaesthetic plane. Interventional analgesia (buprenorphine and carprofen) was required significantly earlier in rabbits in group P (2 and 6 h after the first nerve blockade, respectively) based on assessment of their pain-related behaviour and range of motion. Using a visual analogue scale (0 mm= no pain to 100 mm= maximal possible pain), rabbits in group LB were judged to show significantly less pain compared with rabbits in group P (14 ± 10 mm and 37 ± 25 mm, respectively) 2 h after nerve blockade. In conclusion, this technique of perineural analgesia combined with incision site infiltration reduced intraoperative fentanyl requirements and improved postoperative analgesia in rabbits.

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“…Similarly, hind-limb sensory and motor innervation in rabbits is provided by the FN and sciatic nerve, which originate from the lumbosacral plexus (L4-L7), and the first and second sacral cord segments (S1-S2) [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous Nerve Block in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Cadaveric Study Comparing Two Injectate Volumes

Felisberto¹,

Flaherty²,

Tayari³

2022

Animals

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Ultrasound-guided (US-guided) loco-regional anesthesia techniques allow direct visualization and blockade of sensory nerves. The saphenous nerve (SN), a terminal branch of the femoral nerve (FN), is strictly a sensory nerve for which electrical locator devices are ineffective for localization as no effector muscle contractions can be evoked. US-guided SN block in species other than rabbits produces hind-limb analgesia without affecting FN motor function. The aims of this study were to develop a US-guided SN block technique in rabbits and to compare the spread obtained using two different dye volumes. Twelve hind-limbs from six cadavers (1.62 ± 0.1 kg) were included; after randomization, the SN block was performed on the right or left hind-limb, injecting 0.05 mL kg−1 or 0.1 mL kg−1 of tissue dye in lidocaine (1:50 v:v). Subsequent dissections allowed nerve staining measurements. All SNs were identified, and 19.2 ± 6.2% and 34.7 ± 16.1% of the SN length were stained using low-volume and high-volume of the dye, respectively. Regardless of the volume used, the SN was consistently stained while the motor branch of the FN was not. This US-guided technique may provide hind-limb analgesia without affecting FN motor function in rabbits undergoing mid-distal hind-limb surgeries.

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Nerve Stimulator–Guided Sciatic-Femoral Block in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Undergoing Hind Limb Surgery: A Case Series

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block

Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous Nerve Block in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Cadaveric Study Comparing Two Injectate Volumes

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