Nerve supply to the soft palate muscles with special reference to the distribution of the lesser palatine nerve

Shimokawa, Tetsuya; Yi, Shuangquin; Tanaka, Shigenori

doi:10.1597/04-142

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Regarding the anatomical relationship between the palatopharyngeus and levator veli palatini, Shimokawa et al reported that the levator veli palatini was held by the palatopharyngeus. 23 However, a detailed anatomical relationship of the two muscles has not been reported. In the present study, the levator veli palatini was found to originate from the superolateral direction obliquely and reach the median line to interdigitate with the contralateral part.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Palatopharyngeus and Its Relation to the Levator Veli Palatini Based on Micro–Computed Tomography

Zhao

et al. 2021

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Background: Although multiple studies have been reported on the palatopharyngeus and levator veli palatini, their subtle anatomy and functions remain unclear. The authors elucidated the relationship between these muscles and their functional implications based on three-dimensional digital techniques. Methods: Cadaveric specimens were stained with iodine-potassium iodide and scanned using micro-computed tomography. The muscle fibers were drawn on the exported Imaging and Communications in Medicine images to reconstruct a three-dimensional model and further simplified. Results: In the soft palate, the palatopharyngeus was divided into three bundles. The largest inferior head was found to attach to the palatine aponeurosis, soft palate, and the hard palate on the oral side, which occupied approximately the anterior 28.4 to 36.2 percent of the soft palate in the midline. The superior head was thin and attached to the palatine aponeurosis and the surrounding mucosa on the nasal side. The posterior head was located posterior to the levator veli palatini with fibers attaching to the levator veli palatini and the median portion of the uvula. The levator veli palatini was clasped by the three heads of the palatopharyngeus. The fasciculi of the palatopharyngeus converged into a bundle of muscles at the pharynx and inserted into the lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusions:The palatopharyngeus is the largest muscle that connects the soft palate and pharyngeal wall; it closely coordinates with the levator veli palatini to control levator veli palatini overlifting, narrow the velopharyngeal port with the help of the superior constrictor, and elevate the pharynx. The palatopharyngeus and levator veli palatini help each other in velopharyngeal closure through coordination from other muscles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Palatopharyngeus and Its Relation to the Levator Veli Palatini Based on Micro–Computed Tomography

Zhao

et al. 2021

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nerve supply to the soft palate muscles with special reference to the distribution of the lesser palatine nerve

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Palatopharyngeus and Its Relation to the Levator Veli Palatini Based on Micro–Computed Tomography

Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Palatopharyngeus and Its Relation to the Levator Veli Palatini Based on Micro–Computed Tomography

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