Nerves originating from brachial plexus in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata)

Abstract

ABSTRACT:In this study, dissemination of forelimb's nerves of the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) was investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used and nerves originating from brachial their plexus were dissected. Origin and dissemination of forelimb's nerves orginated from brachial plexus constituted from cranial and caudal trunks were examined. Suprascapular nerve and the first branch of subscapular nerve orginated from cranial and caudal part of cranial trunk, respectively. Nerves orginated from caudal trunk, pectoral cranial nerves, constituted four branches spreading in pectoral muscles. Musculocutenoeus nerve gives a branche to brachial muscle and, a�er giving medial cutaneus antebrachii nerve was divided to two branches (digital dorsal commun I and II nerve). Axillary nerve gives a branche to subscapular muscle and ends as cranial cutaneous antebrachii. Radial nerve separated to branches as ramus profundus and ramus superficial which also was divided to digital dorsal commun III and IV nerve and lateral cutaneus antebrachial nerve. Thoracodorsal nerve spreaded to latismus dorsi muscle. Median nerve was divided to digital dorsal commun I, II, III and IV nerve. Ulnar nerve was divided to digital dorsal commun V and digital dorsal commun V nerve a�er giving caudal cutaneous antebrachi. An undefined nerve branche orginated from caudal trunk entered corachobrachial muscle and biceps brachii muscle. Lateral thoracic and caudal pectoral nerves orginated from caudal trunk. In the porcupine, branche which goes to corachobrachial muscle directly from caudal trunk of the brachial plexus and distrubutions of musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar and median nerves were different from rodantia and other mammals.

The spinal nerves that constitute the brachial plexus in the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

“…The brachial plexus in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) was reported to consist of caudal and cranial trunks as is the case in rabbits (Yilmaz et al, 1995) and in porcupines (Aydin, 2003); in this respect it differs from the brachial plexus of rats (Bertelli et al, 1992) and Chacma baboons (Booth et al, 1997), which are formed from caudal, medial and cranial trunks.…”

“…In conclusion, although the brachial plexus resembles a network in rats, mice and other mammals, in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) it has been determined to consist of two cranial and caudal trunks formed by the ventral rami of C5,C6, C7, C8, similar to rabbits (Yilmaz et al, 1995), and porcupines (Aydin, 2003).…”

“…Yilmaz et al (1995) reported that the brachial plexus of rabbits is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2, while Aslan (1994) and McLaughlin and Chiasson (1987) reject the contribution of C5 and T2. The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 in mice (Bogusch, 1987), by the rami ventralis of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 in the Wervet monkeys (Booth, 1991) Chacma baboons (Booth et al, 1997) and in porcupines (Aydin, 2003), and through the contribution of the ventral rami of C6, C7, C8 and T1 in cats (McClure et al, 1973;Getty, 1975). Tipirdamaz and Erden (1988) and Dursun et al (1994) reported that in dogs the brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2, while Miller et al (1964) and Getty (1975) reported that T2 is occasionally involved.…”

“…Several studies have investigated the spinal origins of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus which give off nerve branches dispersing to the fore and hind limbs. These include reports on the brachial plexus in dogs (Miller et al, 1964), cats (Getty, 1975), wervet monkeys (Booth, 1991), Chacma baboons (Booth et al, 1997), rabbits (Aslan, 1994;Yilmaz et al, 1995), rats (Green,1968;Chiasson, 1980) and porcupines (Aydin, 2003(Aydin, , 2004; and on the lumbosacral plexus in dogs (Miller et al, 1964;Getty, 1975), rabbits (Barone et al, 1973;McLaughlin and Chiasson, 1987), rats (Green, 1968;Chiasson, 1980;Asato et al, 2000) and porcupines (Aydin, 2009;Aydin et al, 2009). In squirrels, the presence and localization of calbindin-D28k in the kidney and cerebellum (Aydin et al, 2005), the morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri (Aydin, 2008), the spinal nerves that constitute the plexus lumbosacrales (Aydin, 2010), as well as the arteries originating from the aortic arch (Aydin, 2011), have been studied.…”

The rabbit brachial plexus as an experimental model – anatomy and surgical approach

“…In case of the cat the brachial plexus is formed by ventral rami of C6, C7, C8 and T1 spinal nerves (Getty 1975). At the end, the brachial plexus of porcupine is formed by ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 spinal nerves (Aydin 2003).…”