Nesfatin-1, Dopamine, and NADPH levels in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Is There a Relationship Between Their Levels and Metabolic and Hormonal Variables

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonest endocrine disease occurring in women of reproductive age. This study conducted to clarify altered concentrations of Nesfatin-1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and dopamine in PCOS women and controls. Also, to assess their role in PCOS pathophysiology and their correlation with measured biochemical parameters.
 Methods: In this observational study, 60 PCOS patients and 24 controls included. Medical history was recorded and full examinations were done. Serum concentrations of lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FSI), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, Nesfatin-1, dopamine, and NADPH were measured by ELISA kits. Values were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson Chi-square test. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: In this study, there was significantly elevated waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in PCOS patients versus controls (p<0.0001 and p=0.014). There was significant increase in FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, Nesfatin-1, and dopamine (p=0.021, p=0.015, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.006, p=0.017, p< 0.0001) and decrease of NADPH (p<0.0001) in PCOS patients. There were significant positive correlations between Nesfatin-1, prolactin, and dopamine levels. Also, there was significant positive correlation between dopamine and BMI, FSI, FSH, LH, estradiol, and prolactin levels; however, significant negative correlations observed between NADPH and BMI, FSI, estradiol, and prolactin levels.
 Conclusion: Elevated serum Nesfatin-1 concentrations and their association with hyperprolactinemia indicate that they have a role in PCOS pathophysiology. Moreover, elevated dopamine and decreased NADPH concentrations could play role in PCOS pathogenesis.

Clinico-Metabolic Profile in Lean Versus Obese Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women

“…There is a strong correlation between PCOS with obesity, especially central obesity, as reported by previously conducted studies [26,27]. Similar results were reported by Abdelazim et al [28], who found that 35.5% of PCOS women were obese and 44.5% of PCOS women were overweight.…”

“…In present study, serum testosterone, free testosterone, and LH:FSH ratio were significantly higher in women with PCOS having higher BMI (p value = 0.041). Hyperandrogenism was also reported with PCOS by Nath et al ( 2019) and Hamed et al (2022) [12,27]. In the study by Hamed et al [27], serum testosterone levels were also positively correlated with estradiol (r=0.372, p<0.0001) in cases with higher BMI.…”

“…More women with PCOS had higher BMI. Most of the studies reported similar BMI levels in the overweight and obesity range, with a mean of 30.1 ± 4.2 Kg/m2 reported by Ali et al [26] and 31.32 ± 4.80 Kg/m2 by Hamed et al [27]; they found that BMI was significantly higher in PCOS cases.…”

“…PCOS is closely linked to metabolic dysfunctions; in the present study, fasting Insulin, fasting sugar: insulin ratio and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in obese women with PCOS (p value <0.0001). An abnormal post prandial glucose in obese PCOS was significantly higher as compared to non-obese ones (p value 0.003 [12,27]. Despite the complexity of PCOS, insulin resistance (IR) is a crucial factor in its emergence.…”

“…In response to a glucose challenge, the pancreas secretes more insulin, however, this insulin level might not be sufficient to maintain a normal blood sugar level. After a glucose challenge, this is demonstrated by increased glucose, disordered GTT, and insulin levels [27].…”