Nest Holes of Great Spotted Woodpeckers<i>Dendrocopos major</i>and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers<i>D. medius</i>: Do they Really Differ in Size?

Kosiński, Ziemowit; ksit, Paweł

doi:10.3161/068.042.0112

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The feathers that make up the red cap in the Middle Spotted Woodpecker are particularly exposed to abrasion and dirt accumulation due to frequently fitting through a relatively small hole (Kosiński & Ksit ). Excavating cavities mostly in dead, rotten wood also makes it hard to keep a red cap clean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker demonstrated high survival rate of nestlings between 14 days of age and fledging (Kosiński et al . , Kosiński & Ksit ). All surveys of breeding cavities were performed during parental feeding trips to minimize stress on birds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second measure of breeding success of an individual was the number of its offspring aged 14-17 days (n = 10 nests). A previous study of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker demonstrated high survival rate of nestlings between 14 days of age and fledging (Kosi nski et al 2004, Kosi nski & Ksit 2007. All surveys of breeding cavities were performed during parental feeding trips to minimize stress on birds.…”

Section: Radiotracking and The Assessment Of Territory Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle Spotted Woodpeckers are highly synchronized breeders (Kosinski et al 2004, Kosi nski & Ksit 2007 Leniowski & E. We z grzyn pers. obs.).…”

Section: Radiotracking and The Assessment Of Territory Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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The carotenoid‐based red cap of theMiddleSpottedWoodpeckerDendrocopos mediusreflects individual quality and territory size

Leniowski

Węgrzyn

2013

Ibis

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Carotenoid‐based plumage ornaments have the potential to signal individual condition and health in many species of birds. However, very little is known about the function of red plumage in woodpeckers. We assessed whether the red cap displayed by both male and female Middle Spotted Woodpeckers reflects individual quality, finding that the size of the cap is sex‐dependent, whereas the brightness of the cap correlates with the body condition of an individual. Furthermore, birds with brighter caps had larger clutches, suggesting that cap coloration may be an honest signal of parental quality in woodpeckers. Interestingly, more colourful individuals also occupied smaller territories, suggesting that territory size and territory quality may be inversely related in the Middle Spotted Woodpecker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiotracking and The Assessment Of Territory Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle Spotted Woodpeckers are highly synchronized breeders (Kosinski et al 2004, Kosi nski & Ksit 2007 Leniowski & E. We z grzyn pers. obs.).…”

Section: Radiotracking and The Assessment Of Territory Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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The carotenoid‐based red cap of theMiddleSpottedWoodpeckerDendrocopos mediusreflects individual quality and territory size

Leniowski

Węgrzyn

2013

Ibis

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“…In each plot, we measured all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) sufficiently large for hole excavation, i.e. C14 cm for middle spotted woodpeckers and C19 cm for great spotted woodpeckers (Kosiński and Ksit 2007). In total, in the 'pre-outbreak' and 'outbreak' periods we measured 395 and 1066 available trees in the great spotted woodpecker territories, as well as 951 and 670 trees in the middle spotted woodpecker territories, respectively.…”

Section: Description Of Nest-sites and Changes In Dead Tree Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Kosiński

Pluta²,

Ulanowska³

et al. 2017

Biodivers Conserv

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Standing dead trees may be a limited resource for woodpeckers in managed forests, especially for species that rely on dead wood for their nest or roost cavity, and as foraging sites. Effective conservation strategies for woodpeckers require a detailed knowledge of species' responses to dead wood availability. To investigate the importance of standing dead wood (snags) for the abundance and nest-site use of the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major and middle spotted woodpecker Leiopicus medius in mature riverine forests, we compared the responses of birds between two periods-before mass mortality, and during a pulse in standing dead trees. The density of standing dead trees available for cavity excavation by the great spotted woodpecker and the middle spotted woodpecker increased significantly during the study period: 37-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Temporal trends in the abundance of both woodpecker species from 2000 to 2015 were not significant. Great spotted woodpeckers were significantly more likely to use dead trees and places with wounds in species other than oak and ash during the outbreak period than in the pre-outbreak period. Middle spotted woodpeckers were significantly less likely to excavate cavities in tree species other than oak and ash in the outbreak period, but dead trees were more likely selected. An interspecific comparison suggests that the probability of a nest-hole having been excavated by a middle spotted woodpecker increased with a nest-hole sited in ash, in a dead tree, in a limb/branch, and decreased with 123Biodivers Conserv (2018) 27:123-145 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1425-6 a nest-hole in a closed forest. These findings suggest that woodpecker species, especially weak excavators, may benefit from an increase in dead wood availability leading to nest niche shifts into more favorable substrates for cavity excavation. However, a strong increase in dead wood availability does not modify the general pattern of niche partitioning between great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers. Conservation plans for the specialized middle spotted woodpecker must consider the preference for dead and decaying trees. The decreasing number of large ashes and oaks, and the lack of natural regeneration of the latter species, may negatively affect the middle spotted woodpecker in the future.

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Nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in shelter plantations of west Inner Mongolia

Wan

Jiao

et al. 2008

For. Stud. China

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The Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major (L.), one of the natural predators of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is resident to Wulate Qianqi County of the Inner Mongolia and widely found in shelter plantations. In August 2005 and 2006, 174 and 153 nest-cavities of Great Spotted Woodpeckers were found respectively in Wulate Qianqi County and 22 breeding nest-cavities were investigated in 2007. The results showed that mostly willow species were selected for nesting by the Great Spotted Woodpecker, but mature poplar trees also could be chosen. Nest cavities were often found with a protuberance above the cavity entrance or with a downward sloping gradient, or both. The selection of the height of the nest-cavity height was not significant. The vertical diameter of the nest-cavity entrance (VDE) and the horizontal diameter of the nest-cavity entrance (HDE) ranged from 5.0 to 5.8 cm. The results also indicated that the compass orientation of more than 60% of nest-cavities were towards the north, northeast and east. This study suggests a convergence of some nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker in shelter plantations and will help us to make artificial nest for conserving the woodpecker and, as well, use the bird for controlling pests.

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Nest Holes of Great Spotted WoodpeckersDendrocopos majorand Middle Spotted WoodpeckersD. medius: Do they Really Differ in Size?

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

The carotenoid‐based red cap of theMiddleSpottedWoodpeckerDendrocopos mediusreflects individual quality and territory size

The carotenoid‐based red cap of theMiddleSpottedWoodpeckerDendrocopos mediusreflects individual quality and territory size

Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in shelter plantations of west Inner Mongolia

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