Nest Site Characteristics of Eastern Wild Turkeys in Central Ontario

Nguyen, Linh P.; Hamr, Josef; Parker, G. H.

doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)011[0255:nscoew]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, precipitation was their best predictor of nest survival, but the authors noted an interaction between precipitation and the amount of concealment cover around nests, whereby the effects of precipitation were reduced as shrub cover increased. Previous studies have demonstrated that lateral and vertical concealment is important in nestsite selection of wild turkeys (Lazarus & Porter 1985, Wertz & Flake 1988, Schmutz et al 1989, Badyaev 1995, Nguyen et al 2004, Lehman et al 2008. Only Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest survival of wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris in a mixed‐use landscape: influences at nest‐site and patch scales

et al. 2013

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Nest survival is a critical factor affecting avian demographics, and can be influenced by nesting chronology, fine scale nestsite selection and broad-scale landscape characteristics. We modeled the relative influences of nest age, temporal variation in nest success and habitat-related covariates at two spatial scales (nest-site and patch scale) on daily nest survival during incubation for eastern wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris in a mixed-use landscape. Daily survival rate of turkey nests during incubation increased as percent understory cover (vegetation , 1 m tall) increased and decreased with increasing density of woody shrubs and saplings and herbaceous stems , 1 m tall (understory vegetation density) around the nest. We suggest that nest survival may be dependent on a balance of sufficient understory cover around nests to provide concealment for hens and nests, but with understory vegetation density below levels that reduce the hen's ability to detect a predator or to escape after detecting a potential threat. The balance between sufficient understory cover and limited density of understory vegetation occurred where understory (, 1 m tall) cover exceeded 50% and understory vegetation density was , 25 stems/m 2 . Models that included variables related to the patch scale (e.g. fragmentation, edge and dominant land-cover class in a patch) did not receive strong support, demonstrating the relative importance of finer scale nest-site variables over patch-scale variables in determining survival of wild turkey nests in our highly variable mixed-use landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest survival of wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris in a mixed‐use landscape: influences at nest‐site and patch scales

et al. 2013

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“…We suggest that moderate logging activity may provide some nest habitat for the White Eared pheasant, and the bird may adapt to human disturbances to some degree. Many studies have emphasized that refuge provided by the habitat was important for the nest-site selection of pheasant species [8,11]. All the nest sites of the White Eared pheasant in early studies were located under covers provided by the nest habitat [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood cover, shrub cover, and shrub height did not show significant differences between nest sites and control ones, but the ranges of the three variables are significantly different, which shows that they varied in smaller ranges in the nest sites and they were important variables affecting the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant as well. Dense shrub provides refuge for pheasants [8,11,15], but it also prevents the birds from finding prey and moving freely. Our study area has been logged and recovered in a large area for a long time and has been dominated by shrubs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refuge provided by the environment of nests can influence the survival rate of birds, and the nest environment is characterized mainly by the vegetation around it [6,7]. Nest-site selection for one agnate bird is always similar, but the characteristics of the nest often vary with different habitat types, which can probably be attributed to the assumption that natural selection may alter the adaptive strategy of a species under different environmental pressures [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant in southwestern Sichuan Province, China

2006

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From April to July 2003 and 2004, we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province, China. In this paper, we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the pheasant. Habitat sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant. Chi-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the bird. Independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds' nest-site selection. A total of 13 nests were found. Oak shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites (84.62%). Nests under a rock wall (7.69%) and a fallen tree (7.69%) were also found. The average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33± 0.54 (range, 5-11; n=12). Laying period was between April 27 and May 21. In the Zhujie area, 1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak shrubs. The species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat (χ 2 =8.333, df =1, P<0.05). The bird was more likely to place its nest in sites with a high coverage, i.e. 0.5, 1, and 2 m above the ground (independent-samples t test, P<0.05), and with a large shrub diameter (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05). The species are more likely to prefer sites with plant cover, shrub cover (independentsamples t test, P<0.05), and shrub height (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05) in a relatively small range.

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“…nest survival, clutch size and poult survival) during 2005-2007 based on additional research objectives. For each hen we determined date of initiation based on hen movement patterns (Ransom et al 1987, Paisley et al 1998, Nguyen et al 2004) and located nests <3 days after hens had begun incubating to determine nest location and approximated nest age in days by floating eggs (Westerskov 1950). We monitored nesting hens by triangulation i3 times weekly from a distance of i100 m to prevent nest disturbance and assumed that the nest was still active if hen locations remained constant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%