Nest Survival and Predation in Blue-Fronted Parrots<i>Amazona aestiva</i>: Effects of Nesting Behaviour and Cavity Characteristics

Berkunsky, Igor; Segura, Luciano Noel; Aramburú, Rosana Mariel; Ruggera, Román A.; Svagelj, Walter S.; Reboreda, Juan C.

doi:10.5253/arde.v104i2.a6

Cited by 27 publications

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“…This is likely because predation events usually affect the whole clutch (Ricklefs 1969). Partial predation events could also be scarce because the most common predators of Turquoisefronted Parrot nests usually consume the whole clutch (Berkunsky et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter case we distinguished between unhatched eggs (eggs that had not hatched 1 week to 10 days after the expected hatching date) and "dead in nest" (dead nestlings in the nest without any external sign that allowed us to determine the cause of death). Complete losses, i.e., nest failure, were analyzed separately and are not included in this work (Berkunsky et al 2016). …”

Section: Nest Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The knowledge on Turquoise-fronted Parrot breeding biology in Chaco forest has been increasing in the last years, and now we have information about its cavity requirements, nest site fidelity, nest survival, and postfledging survival (Berkunsky and Reboreda 2009, Faegre and Berkunsky 2014, Berkunsky et al 2016. Breeding parameters of the population in Chaco forest are key inputs for the harvesting model, yet little of this information has been published to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive parameters of the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) in the dry Chaco forest

Berkunsky¹,

Segura²,

Ruggera³

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. The progressive exploitation and destruction of nesting habitat in recent years, combined with the substantial pressure from legal and illegal removal of wild nestlings and adults, justifies the development of a comprehensive study on the reproductive biology of the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva). We analyzed breeding parameters in a wild protected population of Turquoise-fronted Parrots in the Chaco forest, Argentina, examining variation among years, over the course of the breeding season, and in relation to the age of the nest. Mean clutch-size per nesting attempt was 3.68 eggs. Hatching success (proportion of eggs laid that hatch) was 0.73. Fledging success (proportion of nestlings that fledge) was 0.88. The overall breeding success (mean number of fledglings per laying female per year) was 0.95. Clutch size did not vary among years but it decreased with the delay of the nest initiation date. Hatching failure was the greatest cause of egg partial losses, and brood reduction was the main cause of nestling partial loses. Brood reduction was positively correlated with clutch size and with egg-laying date. We did not find interannual variation in any of the clutch or brood size variables. Our results showed that the population of Turquoise-fronted Parrots in the dry Chaco forest has high values of clutch size and nestling survival, and low values of hatching success. However, some aspects of the breeding biology need more attention, especially if the species continues to be harvested.Paramètres de reproduction de l'Amazone à front bleu (Amazona aestiva) dans la forêt sèche du Chaco RÉSUMÉ. L'exploitation et la destruction progressives de l'habitat de nidification advenues ces récentes années, combinées à la pression élevée de captures légale et illégale d'oisillons et d'adultes sauvages, justifient la mise en place d'une étude globale sur la biologie de reproduction de l'Amazone à front bleu (Amazona aestiva). Nous avons analysé les paramètres de reproduction d'une population sauvage protégée de cette amazone dans la forêt du Chaco, en Argentine, examinant les variations interannuelles, tout au long de la saison de reproduction, en relation avec l'âge du nid. La taille moyenne de la ponte par tentative de nidification était de 3,68 oeufs. Le succès d'éclosion (proportion d'oeufs pondus qui ont éclos) était de 0,73. Le succès à l'envol (proportion de jeunes qui ont pris leur envol) était de 0,88. Le succès de nidification d'ensemble (nombre moyen de jeunes à l'envol par femelle nicheuse par année) était de 0,95. La taille de la ponte n'a pas varié d'une année à l'autre, mais était plus faible lorsque la date d'initiation du nid était retardée. L'échec de l'éclosion était la cause la plus importante de perte partielle d'oeufs et une couvée réduite était la cause principale de perte partielle d'oisillons. La couvée réduite était positivement corrélée avec la taille de la ponte et la date de celle-ci. Nous n'avons pas observé de variations interannuelles des variables relatives à la taille de la...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nest Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive parameters of the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) in the dry Chaco forest

Berkunsky¹,

Segura²,

Ruggera³

et al. 2017

ACE

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“…, Berkunsky et al. ). Species of Amazon parrots where nest failure is due primarily to natural mortality events (e.g., non‐human) have nest success rates that average 42.7% (Berkunsky et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long‐term monitoring of Yellow‐naped Amazons ( Amazona auropalliata ) in Costa Rica: breeding biology, duetting, and the negative impact of poaching

et al. 2018

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The population of Yellow-naped Amazons (Amazona auropalliata) declined by an estimated 50% between 1980 and 2000, and the current population is estimated to be between 10,000 and 50,000. Poaching of young has been a persistent problem, but the species is also threatened by habitat loss and degradation. Because most aspects of their life history, behavior, and ecology have not been examined in wild populations, we studied Yellow-naped Amazons with the following objectives: (1) identify the species of trees used for nesting, (2) determine the size and potential function of breeding territories, (3) determine nesting success, and (4) examine their duetting behavior. We located nests at 16 sites on the Pacific Slope of Costa Rica from 1999 to 2008. We searched for nests from January to May. Every nest was visited at least once and some nests were visited every 2-3 weeks throughout the breeding season. We also collected territory and duetting data at one site (Ahogados). The breeding season of Yellow-naped Amazons was during the dry season (January-May). Yellow-naped Amazons nested in 21 species of trees, but 68% of nests were located in only five species, and cavities in dead coyols (Acrocomia aculeata) were used most often. We found no association between breeding success and the species of tree in which birds nested. Mean territory size was 25,578 m 2 , and these small areas generally consisted of several trees surrounding a nest tree. Pairs continued to duet throughout the breeding season, suggesting that duetting is important for territory defense. The nest failure rate in our study was 89%, and most nest failures (64%) were due to poaching for the pet trade. We recommend immediate population management and conservation actions, including increased law enforcement to reduce nest poaching, protection of key nesting areas, educational programs, and habitat conservation. RESUMEN.Monitoreo a largo plazo del lora de nuca amarilla en Costa Rica: biolog ıa de la reproducci on, duetos vocales y el impacto negativo de la caza furtiva Entre los loros (orden Psittaciformes), hay m as especies amenazadas que cualquier otro orden de aves. Una de estas especies es el lora de nuca amarilla (Amazona auropalliata); que tiene una poblaci on actual de entre 10,000 y 50,000 individuos y una disminuci on poblacional estimada del 50% entre 1980 y 2000. El saqueo de cr ıas ha sido un problema persistente, y es una de las principales amenazas para la especie, junto a la p erdida del h abitat por destrucci on y degradaci on. La mayor ıa de las etapas de la historia de vida, el comportamiento y la ecolog ıa en poblaciones silvestres de esta especie no se han evaluado sistem aticamente, y por ende se necesitan estudios adicionales. Estudiamos esta especie en la vertiente del Pac ıfico de Costa Rica de 1999 a 2008 con los siguientes objetivos: (1) identificar las especies de arboles utilizados para la anidaci on, (2) determinar el tamaño y la funci on potencial de los territorios de reproducci on, (3) determinar el exito de anidaci on y (4)...

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“…Among 2 the factors affecting nest survival, nest predation has been shown to be the major cause of nest failure in most bird species (Ricklefs 1969, França et al 2016. For many species, nest survival varies over time (Grant et al 2005, Koczur et al 2014, Berkunsky et al 2016, França et al 2016, Polak 2016). Yet, studies evaluating the proximate factors involved in explaining nest survival, such as food, weather, and breeding activities of conspecifics, have mostly been carried out in temperate areas and rarely in the tropics (Thomson 1950, Martin 1987, Stutchbury and Morton 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest survival in year‐round breeding tropical red‐capped larks Calandrella cinerea increases with higher nest abundance but decreases with higher invertebrate availability and rainfall

Mwangi

Ndithia

Kentie

et al. 2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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Nest survival is critical to breeding in birds and plays an important role in life‐history evolution and population dynamics. Studies evaluating the proximate factors involved in explaining nest survival and the resulting temporal patterns are biased in favor of temperate regions. Yet, such studies are especially pertinent to the tropics, where nest predation rates are typically high and environmental conditions often allow for year‐round breeding. To tease apart the effects of calendar month and year, population‐level breeding activity and environmental conditions, we studied nest survival over a 64‐month period in equatorial, year‐round breeding red‐capped larks Calandrella cinerea in Kenya. We show that daily nest survival rates varied with time, but not in a predictable seasonal fashion among months or consistently among years. We found negative influences of flying invertebrate biomass and rain on nest survival and higher survival of nests when nests were more abundant, which suggests that nest predation resulted from incidental predation. Although an increase in nest predation is often attributed to an increase in nest predators, we suggest that in our study, it may be caused by altered predator activity resulting from increased activity of the primary prey, invertebrates, rather than activity of the red‐capped larks. Our results emphasize the need to conduct more studies in Afro‐tropical regions because proximate mechanisms explaining nest predation can be different in the unpredictable and highly variable environments of the tropics compared with the relatively predictable seasonal changes found in temperate regions. Such studies will aid in better understanding of the environmental influences on life‐history variation and population dynamics in birds.

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Nest Survival and Predation in Blue-Fronted ParrotsAmazona aestiva: Effects of Nesting Behaviour and Cavity Characteristics

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Reproductive parameters of the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) in the dry Chaco forest

Reproductive parameters of the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) in the dry Chaco forest

Long‐term monitoring of Yellow‐naped Amazons ( Amazona auropalliata ) in Costa Rica: breeding biology, duetting, and the negative impact of poaching

Nest survival in year‐round breeding tropical red‐capped larks Calandrella cinerea increases with higher nest abundance but decreases with higher invertebrate availability and rainfall

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