Nested case-control study of leukemia among a cohort of persons exposed to ionizing radiation from nuclear weapon tests in kazakhstan (1949–1963)

Abylkassimova, Zh. N.; Gusev, Boris I.; Grosche, Bernd; Bauer, Scott R.; Kreuzer, Michaela; Kr, Trott

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00136-8

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the advantage of the cohort is that due to the early onset of data collection, late effects of chronic exposure can be evaluated. To some extent, this is also true for leukemia [4].…”

Section: Forthcoming Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fallout from nuclear tests: health effects in Kazakhstan

Grosche

Land

Bauer

et al. 2002

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Nuclear bomb testing was carried out under conditions of secrecy at the Semipalatinsk test site (STS) between 1949 and 1962. The first test on August 29, 1949 unexpectedly contaminated villages to the northeast, both in Kazakhstan and the Altai region of Russian Siberia. In Kazakhstan, extensive measurements were made of fallout concentration on the ground and there were efforts, which were not always successful, to avoid future fallout contamination of population centers. As soon as evidence appeared of excess leukemia risk among the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and among medically exposed populations, attention turned to potential health consequences in the population near the STS. In 1957, a secret medical institution, specializing in oncology and designated 'Dispensary Number 4', was established in Semipalatinsk to perform diagnostic and clinical ward, to collect data on the population's health status in the Semipalatinsk oblast, and to collect various material for possible future analysis. The Kazakh Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology (KRIRME), which was founded in 1991, inherited the functions and the formerly top secret health archives of Dispensary No. 4. These archival data including the information on the KRIRME study population of residents of heavily exposed and less exposed villages in the oblast, are the basis for a number of international collaborative projects focussed on fallout exposure and possible health effects in the exposed population.

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Section: Forthcoming Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fallout from nuclear tests: health effects in Kazakhstan

Grosche

Land

Bauer

et al. 2002

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…A-bomb studies, 32, 33 nuclear test fall-out data, 34, 35 therapeutic radiation for cancer and benign conditions,36–42 and occupational and environmental studies 43–47 connect ionizing radiation to tumorigenesis. 1, 24, 33, 48–51 The first conclusive evidence of an association of ionizing radiation and brain tumors comes from a follow-up study of Israeli children undergoing radiation therapy for tinea capitis with a mean dose to the brain of 1.0–6.0Gy.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain tumor epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

Bondy

Scheurer

Malmer

et al. 2008

Cancer

780

614

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Epidemiologists in the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) have prioritized areas for further research. Although many risk factors have been examined over the past several decades, there are few consistent findings, possibly because of small sample sizes in individual studies and differences between studies in patients, tumor types, and methods of classification. Individual studies generally have lacked samples of sufficient size to examine interactions. A major priority based on available evidence and technologies includes expanding research in genetics and molecular epidemiology of brain tumors. BTEC has taken an active role in promoting understudied groups, such as pediatric brain tumors; the etiology of rare glioma subtypes, such as oligodendroglioma; and meningioma, which, although it is not uncommon, has only recently been registered systematically in the United States. There also is a pressing need for more researchers, especially junior investigators, to study brain tumor epidemiology. However, relatively poor funding for brain tumor research has made it difficult to encourage careers in this area. In this report, BTEC epidemiologists reviewed the group's consensus on the current state of scientific findings, and they present a consensus on research priorities to identify which important areas the science should move to address.

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“…Their results were compatible with the prediction of the number of radiation-induced leukaemia deaths based upon reconstructed doses and the risk models of the BEIR V Report [13]. Excesses of childhood leukaemia incidence have been reported from the area around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in present-day Kazakhstan [92], and there is an indication from the preliminary findings of a nested case-control study of leukaemia at all ages in settlements downwind of the site of a raised relative risk at high estimated doses (>2 Sv) [93]; but as yet, no detailed investigation of childhood leukaemia in relation to the doses assessed to have been received as a result of nuclear explosions has been carried out.…”

Section: Radioactive Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of childhood leukaemia following exposure to ionising radiation—a review

Wakeford

2013

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Since the early years of follow-up of the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors, it has been apparent that childhood leukaemia has a particular sensitivity to induction by ionising radiation, the excess relative risk (ERR) being expressed as a temporal wave with time since exposure. This pattern has been generally confirmed by studies of children treated with radiotherapy. Case-control studies of childhood leukaemia and antenatal exposure to diagnostic x-rays, a recent large cohort study of leukaemia following CT examinations of young people, and a recent large case-control study of natural background γ-radiation and childhood leukaemia have found evidence of raised risks following low-level exposure. These findings indicate that an ERR/Sv for childhood leukaemia of ~50, which may be derived from risk models based upon the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors, is broadly applicable to low dose or low dose-rate exposure circumstances.

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Nested case-control study of leukemia among a cohort of persons exposed to ionizing radiation from nuclear weapon tests in kazakhstan (1949–1963)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Fallout from nuclear tests: health effects in Kazakhstan

Fallout from nuclear tests: health effects in Kazakhstan

Brain tumor epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

The risk of childhood leukaemia following exposure to ionising radiation—a review

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