Nested Metamaterials for Wireless Strain Sensing

Melik, Rohat; Ünal, Emre; Perkgöz, Nihan Kosku; Santoni, Brandon G.; Kamstock, Debra A.; Puttlitz, Christian M.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2009.2033391

Cited by 102 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The SRR type metamaterials can be used to create strong magnetic coupling among the EM fields which cannot be available in conventional methods. There are some studies realizing magnetic resonances by using different SRR configurations in literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. SRR topology consists of more than one coupled SRR unit cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Metamaterial Based Multifunctional Sensor Applications

Karaaslan¹,

Bakır²

2014

PIER

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Abstract-In this work, sensor abilities of a chiral metamaterial based on split ring resonators with double splits (SRDS) are demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in X band range. This study is based on transmission measurements and simulations monitoring the resonance frequency changes with respect to the thickness of the sensing layer and permittivity values. Experimental and simulated results show that the resonance frequency of the chiral metamaterial based SRDS sensor is linearly related to the permittivity and the thickness of the sensor layer which creates a suitable approach for sensing environment and organic parameters. When the sensor layer filled with the related material, changes in the tissue temperature, sand humidity and calcium chloride density lead to resonance frequency changes. The physical mechanisms are explained by using both equivalent circuit model and the fundamental sensitivity theorem of chiral sensors. This is the first study investigating a sensing mechanism based on the chiral metamaterials in X band range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Metamaterial Based Multifunctional Sensor Applications

Karaaslan¹,

Bakır²

2014

PIER

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“…In the proposed structure, multiple split-ring resonators are incorporated in the compact nested structure, and share the same sides except where the gaps are located. The bottom line of the structure is connected, and it confers continuity in the nested design [11]. The SRR structure can be regarded equivalently as a LC resonator with a resonance frequency f 0 = (2π √ LC) −1 , where the inductance results from the current path on SRR structure and the capacitance depends on the gap dimensions of the SRR structure [3].…”

Section: The Nested Split-ring Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Nested Split-Ring-Resonator (Srr) for Compact Filter Application

Liu¹,

Zhang²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, a novel miniaturized nested split-ring resonator (SRR) structure is proposed. The nested SRR structure incorporates multiple split-ring resonators in a compact nested structure, and has more split gaps than the conventional SRR structure. Compared with conventional SRR, this nested SRR has better performance on miniaturization and high-Q value. To verify good characteristics of the proposed resonator structure, a novel resonator-embedded band-pass filter (BPF), which is constructed by four nested resonators, is designed. This novel BPF is very compact and has good in-and out-band performances. The proposed nested SRR unit cell has size of 0.04λ g × 0.04λ g (λ g is the signal wavelength at the 2.4 GHz central frequency of the pass-band). Its stop-bands are extended 0.5 ∼ 2 GHz at lower band and 2.7 ∼ 5.4 GHz at upper band with a rejection level of higher than 20 dB, and its 1-dB pass-band is 2.2 ∼ 2.55 GHz with 1.8 dB optimized insertion loss. The measured and simulated results are well complied with each other.

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“…In our novel structure nested metamaterial [2], multiple metamaterials are nested together in one structure. It has more gaps compared to classical metamaterial structure hence it has additional capacitance compared to classical metamaterial, then it has lower operating frequency and higher sensitivity compared to classical metamaterial structure.…”

Section: Nested Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, approximately 10% of these fractures do not heal properly because of the inability to monitor fracture healing [1], [2]. For that reason, surgeons would like to asses fracture healing in real time through monitoring strain telemetrically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterial-based wireless RF-MEMS strain sensors

et al. 2010

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Abstract-Approximately 10% of the fractures do not heal properly because of the inability to monitor fracture healing. Standard radiography is not capable of discriminating whether bone healing is occurring normally or aberrantly. We propose and develop an implantable wireless sensor that monitors strain on implanted hardware in real time telemetrically. This enables clinicians to monitor fracture healing. Here we present the development and demonstration of metamaterial-based radiofrequency (RF) micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) strain sensors for wireless strain sensing to monitor fracture healing. The operating frequency of these sensors shifts under mechanical loading; this shift is related to the surface strain of the implantable test material. In this work, we implemented metamaterials in two different architectures as bio-implantable wireless strain sensors for the first time. These custom-design metamaterials exhibit better performance as sensors than traditional RF structures (e.g., spiral coils) because of their unique structural properties (splits). They feature a low enough operating frequency to avoid the background absorption of soft tissue and yield higher Q-factors compared to the spiral structures (because their gaps have much higher electric field density). In our first metamaterial architecture of an 5×5 array, the wireless sensor shows high sensitivity (109kHz/kgf, 5.148kHz/microstrain) with low nonlinearity-error (<200microstrain). Using our second architecture, we then improved the structure of classical metamaterial and obtained nested metamaterials that incorporate multiple metamaterials in a compact nested structure and measured strain telemetrically at low operating frequencies. This novel nested metamaterial structure outperformed classical metamaterial structure as wireless strain sensors. By employing nested metamaterial architecture, the operating frequency is reduced from 529.8 MHz to 506.2 MHz while the sensitivity is increased from 0.72 kHz/kgf to 1.09 kHz/kgf.

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Nested Metamaterials for Wireless Strain Sensing

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Chiral Metamaterial Based Multifunctional Sensor Applications

Chiral Metamaterial Based Multifunctional Sensor Applications

Novel Nested Split-Ring-Resonator (Srr) for Compact Filter Application

Metamaterial-based wireless RF-MEMS strain sensors

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