Nested monitoring approaches to delineate groundwater trichloroethene discharge to a UK lowland stream at multiple spatial scales

Weatherill, John; Krause, Stefan; Voyce, Kevin; Drijfhout, Falko P.; Levy, Amir; Cassidy, Nigel J.

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.12.001

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Plumes may also be lengthy due to their modest natural attenuation in many aquifer environments (McGuire et al, 2004). As such, dissolvedphase CHC plumes may hold significant potential to discharge to surface waters where they may pose risks to ecosystems and human receptors (Conant et al, 2004;McGuire et al, 2004;McKnight et al, 2010;Moran et al, 2007;Weatherill et al, 2014). Our focus is upon the final opportunity for natural attenuation of discharging CHC groundwater contaminants at the groundwater -surface water interface (GSI) and hyporheic zone therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHC plume studies include: detailed evaluation of hydrogeological and biogeochemical controls on the Pine River, Canada (Conant et al, 2004;Abe et al, 2009); assessment of biodegradation potential on the Zenne River, Belgium including the use of advanced compound-specific isotope and microbiological tools (Hamonts et al, , 2012Kuhn et al, 2009); attenuation in lower flow, higher carbon, wetland environments within the US (Lorah et al, 2005); and, the assessment of plume discharge and loss to atmosphere from small receiving streams upstream of a main river receptor in the US (Chapman et al, 2007). The challenge of monitoring scales and heterogeneity in plume discharges are also prominent in most of the above studies as well as the UK studies of Weatherill et al (2014) who examine the use of nested monitoring on the River Tern, and who assess city-scale impacts on the River Tame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Freitas

Rivett

Roche

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/62331/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the AbstractThe typically elevated natural attenuation capacity of riverbed -hyporheic zones is expected to decrease chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) groundwater plume discharges to river receptors through dechlorination reactions. The aim of this study was to assess physico-chemical processes controlling field-scale variation in riverbed -hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharge to an urban river reach. The 50-m long pool -riffle -glide reach of the River Tame in Birmingham (UK) studied is a heterogeneous high energy river environment. The shallow riverbed was instrumented with a detailed network of multilevel samplers. Freeze coring revealed a geologically heterogeneous and poorly sorted riverbed. A chlorine number reduction approach provided a quantitative indicator of CHC dechlorination. Three sub-reaches of contrasting behaviour were identified. Greatest dechlorination occurred in the riffle sub-reach that was characterised by hyporheic zone flows, moderate sulphate concentrations and pH, anaerobic conditions, low iron, but elevated manganese concentrations with evidence of sulphate reduction. Transient hyporheic zone flows allowing input to varying riverbed depths of organic matter is anticipated to be a key control. The glide sub-reach displayed negligible dechlorination attributed to the predominant groundwater baseflow discharge condition and absence of hyporheic zone, transition to more oxic conditions and elevated sulphate concentrations expected to inhibit dechlorination. The tail-of-pool-riffle sub-reach exhibited patchy dechlorination that was attributed to sub-reach complexities including significant flow bypass of a low permeability, high organic matter, silty unit of high dechlorination potential. A process-based conceptual model of reach-scale dechlorination variability was developed. Key findings of practitioner relevance were: riverbed -hyporheic zone CHC dechlorination may provide only a partial, patchy barrier to CHC groundwater plume discharges to a surface water receptor; and, monitoring requirements to assess the variability in CHC attenuation within a reach are expected to be onerous. Further research on transient hyporheic zone dechlorination is...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Freitas

Rivett

Roche

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Manually driven systems tend to be used when installing mini-piezometers to shallow depth to examine stream-aquifer environments. Thus Baxter et al (2003) use a sledge hammer to install drive points to 40-cm depth, and Rivett et al (2008) used a manual fence post-driver to install minipiezometers to depths of up to 2 m. Maximum installation depths of between 30 cm and 1.15 m have been described in other studies using similar techniques (e.g., Boulton 1993;Cook et al 2006;Weatherill et al 2014). Internal diameters of manually installed piezometers are mostly 9 to 11 mm (Baxter et al 2003;Boulton 1993;Rivett et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus Baxter et al (2003) use a sledge hammer to install drive points to 40-cm depth, and Rivett et al (2008) used a manual fence post-driver to install minipiezometers to depths of up to 2 m. Maximum installation depths of between 30 cm and 1.15 m have been described in other studies using similar techniques (e.g., Boulton 1993;Cook et al 2006;Weatherill et al 2014). Manually driven systems tend to be used when installing mini-piezometers to shallow depth to examine stream-aquifer environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple and Affordable System for Installing Shallow Drive Point Piezometers

Burk

Cook

2015

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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This paper describes a drive point system for installing small‐diameter (15 to 25 mm ID) piezometers to depths of several metres in unconsolidated sediments. The system fills the gap between (1) heavy duty drive point systems powered by drilling rig hydraulics or air hammers that are capable of installing large diameter drive points to depths of many tens of metres and (2) manually driven systems that typically install 10 mm ID or smaller tubing to depths of <2 m. Unlike many existing systems, which install piezometers inside an outer casing that is later removed, our system protects the piezometer screen inside the casing and extends it only once the casing is driven to the desired depth. This avoids clogging of the screen during installation and the risk of creating an annulus around the piezometer, which can provide a preferential pathway for water movement. The piezometer has a larger diameter than most manually driven systems, and thus has a higher yield; it also permits use of most commercially available pressure transducers and electrical conductivity sensors. The piezometers have been successfully installed to depths of up to 6 m using an electric hammer. The system overcomes some issues associated with existing systems and provides the advantages of affordability, rapid installation, mechanical assistance and manual portability.

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“…; Weatherill et al. ). This approach has been successfully applied to the characterization of contaminant plumes in aquifers (Weatherill et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Spatio‐Temporal Variations in Contaminants Discharging to a Peri‐Urban Stream

Lemaire

McKnight

Schulz

et al. 2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Xenobiotic organic compounds can be discharged from contaminated groundwater inflow and may seep into streams from multiple pathways with very different dynamics, some not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the spatio‐temporal variation of chlorinated ethenes discharging from a former industrial site (with two main contaminant sources, A and B) into a stream system in a heterogeneous clay till setting in eastern Denmark. The investigated reach and near‐stream surroundings are representative of peri‐urban settings, with a mix of high channel alteration and more natural stream environment. We therefore propose an approach for risk assessing impacts arising from such complex contamination patterns, accounting for potential spatio‐temporal fluctuations and presence of multiple pathways. Our study revealed substantial variations in pathway contributions and overall contaminant mass discharge to the stream. Variable contaminant contributions arising from both groundwater seepage and urban drains were identified in the channelized part of the north stream, primarily from source A. Furthermore, variations in the hyporheic and shallow groundwater flows were found to enhance contaminant transport from source B. These processes result in an increase of the overall mass of contaminant discharged, correlating with the channels' flow. Thus, an in‐stream control plane approach was found to be an effective method for integrating multiple and variable discharge contributions quantitatively, although information on specific contaminant sources is lost. This study highlights the complexity and variability of contaminant fluxes occurring at the interface between groundwater and peri‐urban streams, and calls for the consideration of these variations when designing monitoring programs and remedial actions for contaminated sites with the potential to impact streams.

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Nested monitoring approaches to delineate groundwater trichloroethene discharge to a UK lowland stream at multiple spatial scales

Cited by 33 publications

References 66 publications

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

A Simple and Affordable System for Installing Shallow Drive Point Piezometers

Evidence of Spatio‐Temporal Variations in Contaminants Discharging to a Peri‐Urban Stream

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