Nesting Characteristics of The Tapanuli Orangutan (<i>Pongo tapanuliensis</i>) in Two Unprotected Forests of Batang Toru, North Sumatra

Nasution, Arfah; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D; Utami, Sri

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/197/1/012027

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The highest percentage of nest classes was analyzed in class C (47.0%) and class B (24.1%). The results of previous studies, such as conducted by (Djojoasmoro et al 2004;Kuswanda 2014;Nasution et al 2018), indicated that the nests found in the Batangtoru forest were old, including the C and D classes. We have found that new nest classes (A and B classes) were higher because orangutans often stay with buffer zones during the durian season, such as around the Dolok Sibual-buali NR.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Nestmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The number of trees identified as orangutan nests in the Batangtoru area was 91 species of 27 families. The dominant families used are Fagaceae, Sapotaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae (Haryanto et al 2019;Nasution et al 2018;Simorangkir 2009). The Fagaceae and Dipterocarpaceae families were selected as nests because they generally have area canopies and strong branches, that can support the bodies of orangutans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results reinforce that the Tapanuli orangutans have a level of preference in making nests in positions 1 and 2. (Pujiani 2009;Kuswanda 2014;Nasution et al 2018) showed that Tapanuli orangutans often make nests in both positions. Nevertheless, Simorangkir (2009) stated that the position favored by orangutans is position 3.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Nestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on the Tapanuli orangutan characteristics is limited because previous research focused on Aceh Province (Kuswanda 2014). Research results based on sites or forest status are limited, such as the research results from (Djojoasmoro et al 2004;Simorangkir 2009;Nasution et al 2018). Information on the characteristics of orangutans, especially in conflict areas, must be reviewed, so there is a reference to develop a more comprehensive conflict mitigation policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Kuswanda¹,

Harahap

Alikodra

et al. 2020

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Nestmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Nestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Kuswanda¹,

Harahap

Alikodra

et al. 2020

Biodiversitas

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“…P. pygmaeus is phylogenetically closer to P. tapanuliensis although they live on separated island. P. tapanuliensis was recently discovered in 2018 and is being termed as “new” species ( Nasution et al . 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest Characteristics of the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Wildlife Sanctuary Soraya Station in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Andini

Rahmi

Mardiana

et al. 2021

TLSR

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Orangutans (Pongo spp.) populations used to be widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, from Java in the south to the Southern China in the north during the Pleistocene. Their populations have declined up to 75% of their original size and are now distributed only in parts of the tropical rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo tapanuliensis and Pongo abelii are the three most representative species, in this study, here we discussed the latter. Sumatran forests are generally suffering from deforestation with rates ranging from 3.74% to 49.85% between 2000 and 2012. Thus, human wildlife conflict intensity has escalated and gained more traction. Orangutans are known as arboreal great apes and need to build nests for resting. We applied the transect line method (three transects; each 1,000 m long) at different elevations in Soraya Research Station, Gelombang Village, Sultan Daulat sub-district, Subulussalam district, and assessed the nest characteristics. The characteristics are: (1) nesting position referring to the position of nest on a tree; (2) nest successional stages defining the age and leaf decay used in constructing a nest indicated with I (new) until V (almost gone); and (3) nest density to predict the density of nest per square km. Afterwards, the identified nesting trees along the transect were further identified based on their species, and assessed based on three characteristics (the tree height, diameter and the height of a nest measured from the soil). A total of 27 nests were found, and 44% were located in transect III or at the riparian. Out of 27, four orangutans’ nests were found on Moraceae (Streblus elongatus) and Myrtaceae (Syzigium spp.), while three nests were found on Dipterocarpus sp. The tree height, tree diameter and nest height were 10 m–25 m (mean = 17.5 m; SD = ± 0.25), 10 cm–30 cm (mean = 20 cm; SD = ± 0.4) and 16 m–20 m (mean = 18 m; SD = ± 0.35), respectively. Meanwhile, nest density calculated based on the form: d = [N/ (L* 2w)], and the values obtained were 8.4, 13.45, 26.9 nests/km2 located on transect I, II and III or at the riparian. The most commonly found nest successional stages and position were stage III and position 3, respectively. This study could serve as a baseline research in primate conservation and nest characterisation could be used as guidance for any future activity planning (e.g. tree reforestation) in a particular region and the existence of various tree species diversity are indispensable for maintaining orangutan habitats’ quality.

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Tree architecture model of Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827 (Mammalia: Primates: Hominidae) nests at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem, Indonesia

Lubis,

Pasaribu

2024

J. Threat. Taxa

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The relationship between tree architectural models and the nesting behavior of the Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827 at the Soraya Research Station, Sumatra, Indonesia was determined by examining the preference for particular nest tree architectural models in relation to the frequency of nest occurrence. This investigation included the study of tree architectural models, tree types, nest profiles, vegetation, environmental factors, and geospatial data, collected within a 20 × 1,000 m (2 ha) observational area during a nest survey. A total of 59 orangutan nests were identified across 47 trees, categorized into 31 species and nine varied tree architectural models. Among these, the most prevalent models observed were Cook, Scarrone, and Attims, which exhibit features assumed to enhance orangutan nesting behaviors. Based on the Neu approach to nest qualities, the analytical test findings show a correlation between the preference ratings for nesting trees. Our results are expected to serve as a reference for selecting tree species in rehabilitation or habitat restoration programs and the development of separated forest block corridors as conservation efforts for orangutans.

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Nesting Characteristics of The Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in Two Unprotected Forests of Batang Toru, North Sumatra

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Nest Characteristics of the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Wildlife Sanctuary Soraya Station in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Tree architecture model of Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827 (Mammalia: Primates: Hominidae) nests at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem, Indonesia

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