Nesting Density of Harpy Eagles in Darien with Population Size Estimates for Panama

González, Jaume Freire; Vargas, F. Hernán

doi:10.3356/jrr-10-57.1

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This greater distance between individuals results in a lower density, perhaps already a result of the lack of forest cover along the river. In a modeling study in Panama, the authors estimated a pair for every 2.6 or 6.2 km, depending on the region (Vargas-González and Vargas, 2011). Gargett (1990) considered that distance between raptor nests reflects food availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ecuador, Muñiz-López et al (2007) reported that the distances between four Harpy Eagle nests ranged from 6.8 to 17 km. In Panama, a study in primary and secondary forest at Darien estimated an average distance between nests as 4.1 km (range 2.6-6.2 km) (Vargas-González and Vargas, 2011). Aguiar-Silva et al (2011), working in the Brazilian Amazon, in areas with a mosaic of managed forest, illegal timber extraction and agricultural fields, estimated the average distance between nests as 8 km (range 5-12 km).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance of Harpy and Crested Eagles from a reservoir-impact area in the Low- and Mid-Xingu River

Sanaiotti

Junqueira²,

Palhares

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Biol.

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In the Brazilian Amazon, two monospecific genera, the Harpy Eagle and Crested Eagle have low densities and are classified by IUCN as Near Threatened due to habitat loss, deforestation, habitat degradation and hunting. In this study, we evaluate occurrence of these large raptors using the environmental surveys database from Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. Integrating the dataset from two methods, we plotted a distribution map along the Xingu River, including records over a 276-km stretch of river. Terrestrial surveys (RAPELD method) were more efficient for detecting large raptors than standardized aquatic surveys, although the latter were complementary in areas without modules. About 53% of the records were obtained during activities of wildlife rescue/flushing, vegetation suppression or in transit. Between 2012 and 2014, four Harpy Eagles were removed from the wild; two shooting victims, one injured by collision with power lines and one hit by a vehicle. Also, seven nests were mapped. The mean distance between Harpy Eagle records was 15 km along the river channel, with a mean of 20 km between nests near the channel, which allowed us to estimate 20 possible pairs using the alluvial forest, riverine forest and forest fragments. Territories of another ten pairs will probably be affected by inundation of the Volta Grande channel, which is far from the main river. The average distance between Crested Eagle records was 16 km along the river channel. The only nest found was 1.3 km away from a Harpy Eagle nest. The remnant forests are under threat of being replaced by cattle pastures, so we recommend that permanently protected riparian vegetation borders (APP) be guaranteed, and that forest fragments within 5 km of the river be conserved to maintain eagle populations.Keywords: neotropical raptors, Amazon, hydroelectric power plant, environmental impact, Accipitridae. Abundância de Gavião-real e Gavião-real falso numa área sob impacto de reservatório no Baixo e Médio rio XinguResumo Na Amazônia brasileira dois gêneros mono-específicos, Harpia e Morphnus, caracterizam-se por baixa densidade e estão classificados pelo IUCN como Quase Ameaçados, porém ocorrem sobre grande parte do território nacional, suas principais ameaças são a fragmentação florestal, a degradação de hábitat e a caça. Neste estudo avaliamos a abundância destas duas grandes aves de rapina utilizando a base de dados dos programas ambientais da UHE BeloBraz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Harpy and Crested Eagles from a reservoir-impact area in the Low- and Mid-Xingu River

Sanaiotti

Junqueira²,

Palhares

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Biol.

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show abstract

“…Harpy eagle occurrences were sourced from the Global Raptor Impact Network (GRIN, The Peregrine Fund, 2018) a data information system for all raptor species. For the harpy eagle, GRIN consists of occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, 2019), which are mostly eBird records (89.88%, Sullivan et al., 2009), combined with two additional datasets of nests and observations (Miranda et al., 2019; Vargas González & Vargas, 2011). Occurrence data were cleaned by removing duplicate records, those with no geo‐referenced location and for spatial auto‐correlation (see Appendix in Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for sampling bias in occurrences, a 4 km spatial filter from each occurrence point was used to minimize the effects of survey bias, using the “thin” function in the R package spThin (Aiello‐Lammens et al., 2015). The 4 km thinning distance was selected as a proxy of mean internest distances based on breeding pairs in the Darien region of Panama (Vargas González & Vargas, 2011). We used 4 km as a minimum distance knowing that internest distances recorded across the harpy eagle range can vary (Muñiz‐López, 2008; Piana, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja ) is a large Neotropical raptor, with a broad yet shrinking range across Central and South America from southern Mexico to northern Argentina (Ferguson‐Lees & Christie, 2005; Vargas González et al., 2006). Harpy eagles generally occur at low population densities in lowland tropical forest (Vargas González & Vargas, 2011) but are nearly extinct in Brazil's Atlantic forest (Meller & Guadagnin, 2016; Srbek‐Araujo & Chiarello, 2006) and in forest enclaves such as riparian forests in open savannahs (Silva et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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