NESTOR: A neutrino particle astrophysics underwater laboratory for the Mediterranean

Anassontzis, E.G.; Barone, M.; Contopoulos, G.; Fanourakis, G.; Grammatikakis, G.; Hatzios, P.; Ioannou, P.; Kalkanis, G.; Katsanevas, S.; Kourkoumelis, C.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Nicolaidou, R.; Pramantiotis, P.; Resvanis, L. K.; Siotis, I.; Vassilopoulos, N.; Voulgaris, G.; Bradner, H.; dell’Agnello, Luca; Bottai, S.; Monteleoni, B.; Naumov, Vadim A.; Learned, J. G.; Stenger, V. J.; Keusen, U.; Koske, P.; Rathleu, J.; Voigt, G. H.; Barinov, I.F.; Deineko, A.O.; Gaidash, V. A.; Markov, M. A.; Permyakov, Alexander; Surin, N.N.; Zakarov, L.M.; Железных, И. М.; Жуков, В.; Eremeev, A.P.; Ledenev, V.V.; Platonov, M.N.; Rucol, V.K.; Sheremet, N. A.; Camerini, U.; March, R.

doi:10.1016/0920-5632(94)90267-4

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Here we used predictions of the GGV model for two values of the gluon density exponent, λ = 0.1 (dash) and λ = 0.5 (solid). As one can see in figure 4, R pm increases for the vertical direction from about 0.2 at the depth of the Baikal NT (1.15 km) [12] to about 0.5 at the NESTOR depth (∼ 4 km) [13]. For the larger zenith angles, θ ∼ 75 • , this contribution becomes apparently sizable at depths 3 − 4 km.…”

Section: Prompt Muon Component Of the Flux Underwatermentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The muon spectra underwater computed with the model of Pasquali et al [2], in which used were the MRSD − [5] and the CTEQ3M [6] sets of PDFs, were recently discussed [7,8,9]. In this note, using predictions of the PQCD model [3,4] for the charm production, we discuss the PM contribution to the deep-sea muon flux at depths typical for operating and constructing neutrino telescopes, AMANDA [10], ANTARES [11], Baikal [12], NESTOR [13]. Due to large detector volume and efective area (10 4 − 10 5 m 2 ) and homogeneity of surrounding matter these underice and deep-sea installations have considerable advantages over underground detectors for probing very high-energy atmospheric muons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fluxes of atmospheric muons underwater depending on the small-xgluon density

Misaki

Sinegovskaya

Sinegovsky

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The prompt muon contribution to the deep-sea atmospheric muon flux can serve as a tool for probing into the small-x feature of the gluon density inside of a nucleon, if the muon energy threshold could be lifted to 100 TeV. The prompt muon flux underwater is calculated taking into consideration predictions of recent charm production models in which the small-x behaviour of the gluon distribution is probed. We discuss the possibility of distinguishing the PQCD models of the charm production differing in the small-x exponent of the gluon distribution, in measurements of the muon flux at energies 10100 TeV with neutrino telescopes.

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Section: Prompt Muon Component Of the Flux Underwatermentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluxes of atmospheric muons underwater depending on the small-xgluon density

Misaki

Sinegovskaya

Sinegovsky

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…AMANDA is now integrated into IceCube as a densely instrumented sub-array [95] There is a common event builder so that every reconstructed event in AMANDA and/or IceCube contains the information about hits in the detectors of both components. KM3Net is a consortium of the three Mediterranean experiments (ANTARES [91], NEMO [97] and NESTOR [98]) to design and build a kilometer-scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean. Several papers [99,100] present studies of the configuration and sensitivity of a gigaton detector in the Mediterranean Sea.…”

Section: Neutrino Detectors and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muons and neutrinos underground

Gaisser

Engel

Resconi

2016

Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics

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Identification of two vibration regimes of underwater fibre optic cables by Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Flores

Mercerat²,

Ampuero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) enables data acquisition for underwater Earth Science with unprecedented spatial resolution. Submarine fibre optic cables traverse sea bottom features that can lead to suspended or decoupled cable portions, and are exposed to the ocean dynamics and to high rates of marine erosion or sediment deposition, which may induce temporal variations of the cable's mechanical coupling to the ocean floor. Although these spatio-temporal fluctuations of the mechanical coupling affect the quality of the data recorded by DAS, and determine whether a cable section is useful or not for geophysical purposes, the detection of unsuitable cable portions has not been investigated in detail. Here, we report on DAS observations of two distinct vibration regimes of seafloor fibre optic cables: a high-frequency (> 2 Hz) regime we associate to cable segments pinned between seafloor features, and a low-frequency (< 1 Hz) regime we associate to suspended cable sections. While the low-frequency oscillations are driven by deep ocean currents, the high-frequency oscillations are triggered by the passage of earthquake seismic waves. Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, we demonstrate that high-frequency oscillations excite normal modes comparable to those of a finite 1D wave propagation structure. We further identify trapped waves propagating along cable portions featuring high-frequency oscillations. Their wave speed is consistent with that of longitudinal waves propagating across the steel armouring of the cable. The DAS data on cable sections featuring such cable waves are dominated by highly monochromatic noise. Our results suggest that the spatio-temporal evolution of the mechanical coupling between fibre optic cables exposed to the ocean dynamics and the seafloor can be monitored through the combined analysis of the two vibration regimes presented here, which provides a DAS-based method to identify underwater cable sections unsuitable for the analysis of seismic waves.

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NESTOR: A neutrino particle astrophysics underwater laboratory for the Mediterranean

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Fluxes of atmospheric muons underwater depending on the small-xgluon density

Fluxes of atmospheric muons underwater depending on the small-xgluon density

Muons and neutrinos underground

Identification of two vibration regimes of underwater fibre optic cables by Distributed Acoustic Sensing

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