Net energy content of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed with or without enzyme supplementation to growing pigs as determined by indirect calorimetry1

Velayudhan, Deepak; Heo, Jung Min; Nyachoti, C. M.

doi:10.2527/jas.2014-8514

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, physical activity was not measured in this study. The value for FHP (787 kJ/kg BW 0.6 /d) is similar to our previous work (Zhang et al., ; Li, Li, et al., ; Li, Lv, et al., ; Lyu, Huang, et al., 2018; Lyu, Li, et al., 2018) and was not affected by dietary treatment, which is consistent with the results of Velayudhan, Heo, and Nyachoti () and Heo, Adewole, and Nyachoti ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

Lyu

Huang

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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The objectives of this experiment were to (a) determine the effects of fiber increase in diets on heat production (HP), (b) determine the net energy (NE) of oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty‐four growing barrows (29.2 ± 2.6 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Diets included a corn‐soybean meal basal diet and three test diets containing 30% OB, WB or PKE, respectively. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 20 days, including 14 days to adapt to the diets. On day (d) 15, pigs were transferred to the open‐circuit respiration chambers for determination of daily total HP and were fed one of the four diets at 2.3MJ ME/kg body weight (BW)0.6/day. Total feces and urine were collected for the determination of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and daily total HP was measured from d 15 to d 19 and fasted on day 20 for the measurement of fasting heat production (FHP). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and organic matter (OM) were greater (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the basal diet compared with those fed the test diets. The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was lower (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the WB diet compared with those fed the basal, OB, or PKE diets. The ATTD of ether extract (EE) in pigs fed the PKE diet was greater (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the other diets. The average total HP and FHP in pigs fed the four diets were 1261 and 787 kJ/kg BW0.6/d, respectively, and were not significantly affected by diet characteristics. The NE:ME ratio for diets ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%. The NE contents of OB, WB, and PKE were 10.93, 7.47, and 8.71 MJ/kg DM, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The ME:DE ratio in experimental diets was within the range of values previously reported (Huang et al., ; Li, Li, et al., ; Lyu, Huang, et al., 2018; Lyu, Li, et al., 2018; Velayudhan et al., ). The NE:ME ratio in the diets was in agreement with data from Kim and Nyachoti () but was greater than the value reported by Noblet et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

Lyu

Huang

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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“…A comparison between the fed and the fasted state will contribute to identify specific metabolic indicator of maintenance in pigs [ 6 ]. However, the duration of fasting has not been consistent in different studies [ 7 , 8 ]. A series of studies have demonstrated that fasting duration plays a role in blood biochemistry and transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative analysis of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics profiling reveals alterations in energy metabolism between fed and fasted pigs

Liu

Chen

Ming

et al. 2018

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundFasting is a simple metabolic strategy that is used to estimate the maintenance energy requirement where the energy supply for basic physiological functions is provided by the mobilization of body reserves. However, the underlying metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure are not clear. This study investigated the differences in heat production (HP), respiratory quotient (RQ) and plasma metabolites in pigs in the fed and fasted state, using the techniques of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics.MethodsNine barrows (45.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were fed corn-soybean based meal diets and were kept in metabolism crates for a period of 14 d. After 7 d adaptation, pigs were transferred to respiratory chambers to determine HP and RQ based on indirect calorimetry. Pigs were fed the diet at 2,400 kJ ME/(kg BW0.6·d) during d 8 to 12. The last 2 d were divided into 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting treatment, respectively. Plasma samples of each pig were collected from the anterior vena cava during the last 3 d (1 d while pigs were fed and 2 d during which they were fasted). The metabolites of plasma were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a metabolomics approach.ResultsIndirect calorimetry analysis revealed that HP and RQ were no significant difference between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting, which were lower than those of fed state (P < 0.01). The nitrogen concentration of urine tended to decrease with fasting (P = 0.054). Metabolomics analysis between the fed and fasted state revealed differences in 15 compounds, most of which were not significantly different between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting. Identified compounds were enriched in metabolic pathways related to linoleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.ConclusionThese results suggest that the decreases in HP and RQ of growing pigs under fasting conditions were associated with the alterations of linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The integrative analysis also revealed that growing pigs under a 24-h fasting were more appropriate than a 48-h fasting to investigate the metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure.

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“…However, there is a lack of information about the measured net energy (NE) content of these ingredients and the NE values of these ingredients that are available are based on prediction equations using digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nutrients contents [ 7 ]. Prediction equations are used to estimate the NE content in swine diets and their use is supported by the results of some recent studies [ 8 , 9 ], however, others have reported differences between values obtained with prediction equations and those determined using the indirect calorimetry (IC) method [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, there is a need to further evaluate the NE values of these ingredients using prediction equations and empirical measurements so as to guide their use in formulating swine diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs

Liu

et al. 2018

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThe objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), corn germ meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), solvent-extracted peanut meal (PNM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry or published prediction equations.MethodsTwelve growing barrows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 32.4±3.3 kg were allotted to a replicated 3×6 Youden square design with 3 successive periods and 6 diets. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 d, which included 7 days for adaptation. On d 8, the pigs were transferred to the respiration chambers and fed one of the 6 diets at 2.0 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Total feces and urine were collected and daily heat production was measured from d 9 to d 13. On d 14 and d15, pigs were fed at their maintenance energy requirement level. On the last day pigs were fasted and fasting heat production was measured.ResultsThe NE of FFRB, CGM, CGF, PNM, and SFM measured by indirect calorimetry method was 12.33, 8.75, 7.51, 10.79, and 6.49 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE/ME ratios ranged from 67.2% (SFM) to 78.5% (CGF). The NE values for the 5 ingredients calculated according to the prediction equations were 12.22, 8.55, 6.79, 10.51, and 6.17 MJ/kg DM, respectively.ConclusionThe NE values were the highest for FFRB and PNM and the lowest in the corn co-products and SFM. The average NE of the 5 ingredients measured by indirect calorimetry method in the current study was greater than values predicted from NE prediction equations (0.32 MJ/kg DM).

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Net energy content of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed with or without enzyme supplementation to growing pigs as determined by indirect calorimetry1

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

Integrative analysis of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics profiling reveals alterations in energy metabolism between fed and fasted pigs

Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs

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