Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization

Sainju, Upendra M.; Barsotti, Joy L.; Wang, Jun

doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0325

Cited by 31 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Some of the improved management practices used for reducing net GWP and GHGI from croplands are no-till, increased cropping intensity, diversified crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced N fertilization rates [3,4,[7][8][9][10]. Soil organic carbon can usually be increased by adopting no-tillage practice which decreases microbial activity and CO 2 emissions as a result of reduced soil disturbance and residue incorporation compared with conventional tillage practice [3,11].…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen fertilization typically stimulates N 2 O emissions when the amount of applied nitrogen exceeds crop nitrogen demand [3,[8][9][10]21]. Nitrogen fertilization, however, can have a variable effect on CO 2 and CH 4 emissions [15,22].…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed this because (1) no nitrogen fertilizer was applied to legumes compared with nonlegumes which required large amount of nitrogen fertilizers to sustain yields, as nitrogen fertilizer stimulates N 2 O emissions and (2) legumes supplied greater amount of nitrogen to succeeding crops due to higher nitrogen concentration when above-and belowground residues were returned to the soil and reduced nitrogen fertilization rate compared with nonlegumes. Sainju et al [9,10] also found that legume-nonlegume rotation increased soil carbon sequestration because of increased turnover rate of plant carbon to soil carbon compared to continuous nonlegume.In a meta-analysis of 11 experiments on the effect of crop rotation containing small and large grain crops on net GWP and GHGI, Sainju [56] reported that crop rotation increased net GWP by 46% and net GHGI by 41% compared with monocropping. This was especially true for large grain crops, such as corn and soybean where net GWP and GHGI were 215 and 325%, respectively, greater under corn-soybean than continuous corn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the calculations of net GWP and GHGI, emissions of N 2 O and CH 4 are converted into their CO 2 equivalents of global warming potentials which are 265 and 28, respectively, for a time horizon of 100 year [2]. The balance between soil carbon sequestration rate, N 2 O and CH 4 emissions (or CH 4 uptake), and crop yield typically controls net GWP and GHGI [3,4,7].Some of the improved management practices used for reducing net GWP and GHGI from croplands are no-till, increased cropping intensity, diversified crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced N fertilization rates [3,4,[7][8][9][10]. Soil organic carbon can usually be increased by adopting no-tillage practice which decreases microbial activity and CO 2 emissions as a result of reduced soil disturbance and residue incorporation compared with conventional tillage practice [3,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still others have used CO 2 equivalents of N 2 O and CH 4 emissions and soil carbon sequestration rate [45][46][47]. A full accounting of all sources and sinks of CO 2 emissions to calculate net GWP and GHGI includes CO 2 equivalents from farm operations, N fertilization, and other inputs in addition to above parameters [3,7,9,10,40,[48][49][50][51]. Several researchers have used DAYCENT and GREET models to estimate GWP and GHGI [52,53].…”

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Agricultural Management Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Sainju¹

2018

Climate Resilient Agriculture - Strategies and Perspectives

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Management practices used on croplands to enhance crop yields and quality can contribute about 10-20% of global greenhouse gases (GHGs: carbon dioxide [CO 2 ], nitrous oxide [N 2 O], and methane [CH 4 ]). Some of these practices are tillage, cropping systems, N fertilization, organic fertilizer application, cover cropping, fallowing, liming, etc. The impact of these practices on GHGs in radiative forcing in the earth's atmosphere is quantitatively estimated by calculating net global warming potential (GWP) which accounts for all sources and sinks of CO 2 equivalents from farm operations, chemical inputs, soil carbon sequestration, and N 2 O and CH 4 emissions. Net GWP for a crop production system is expressed as kg CO 2 eq. ha −1 year. −1 Net GWP can also be expressed in terms of crop yield (kg CO 2 eq. kg −1 grain or biomass yield) which is referred to as net greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) or yieldscaled GWP and is calculated by dividing net GWP by crop yield. This article discusses the literature review of the effects of various management practices on GWP and GHGI from croplands as well as different methods used to calculate net GWP and GHGI. The paper also discusses novel management techniques to mitigate net CO 2 emissions from croplands to the atmosphere. This information will be used to address the state of global carbon cycle.Keywords: crop yield, greenhouse gas, global warming, potential, management practice, soil carbon sequestration OverviewManagement practices on croplands can contribute about 10-20% of global greenhouse gases (GHGs: carbon dioxide [CO 2 ], nitrous oxide [N 2 O], and methane [CH 4 ]) [1,2]. Quantitative estimate of the impact of these GHGs in radiative forcing in the earth's atmosphere is done by calculating net global warming potential (GWP) which accounts for all sources and sinks of CO 2 equivalents from farm operations, chemical inputs, soil carbon (C) sequestration, and N 2 O and © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.CH 4 emissions [3,4]. Net GWP for a crop production system is expressed as kg CO 2 eq. ha −1 year. −1Net GWP can also be expressed in terms of crop yield (kg CO 2 eq. kg −1 grain or biomass yield)which is referred to as net greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) or yield-scaled GWP and is calculated by dividing net GWP by crop yield [3]. These values can be affected both by net GHG emissions and crop yields. Sources of GHGs in agroecosystems include N 2 O and CH 4 emissions (or CH 4 uptake) as well as CO 2 emissions associated with farm machinery used for tillage, planting, harvesting, and manufacture, transportation, and applications of chemical inputs, such as fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides, while soil carbon sequestration rate can be either a sink or source of CO 2 [4][5][6]. In the calculations o...

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Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agricultural Management Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Sainju¹

2018

Climate Resilient Agriculture - Strategies and Perspectives

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Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in organic and conventional wheat‐based farming systems

2022

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There is a need of information about global warming potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based organic and conventional farming systems. We evaluated net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in the organic farming system (OFS) using sheep grazing to control weeds without N application and the conventional farming system (CFS) with herbicide, pesticide, and N applications in three crop phases of a 5-yr crop rotation from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016 in the northern Great Plains. Crop phases were winter wheat after lentil (Lens culinaris L.) (W-L), winter wheat after sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) cover crop (W-C), and lentil after winter wheat (L-W) in a 5-yr rotation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sweet clover cover crop intercrop-sweet clover cover crop-winter wheat-lentil-winter wheat. Carbon sequestration rate at the 0-to-120-cm depth from 2009 to 2015 was greater in OFS with W-C than other treatments. The CO 2 equivalent of N 2 O + CH 4 fluxes was greater in OFS with L-W than other treatments, except in CFS with L-W in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The CO 2 equivalent of N fertilization was greater in CFS, but CO 2 equivalent of CH 4 flux due to enteric fermentation from sheep was greater in OFS. Both NGWP and GHGI were lower in OFS with W-C than other treatments. Organic farming system using sheep grazing to manage weeds in winter wheat following cover crop can reduce NGWP and GHGI compared with CFS with chemical inputs in dryland farming.

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Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions in Spring Maize Field in the Semi‐Arid Regions of Loess Plateau

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2016

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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A 2‐year field study was conducted to measure nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in a rain‐fed spring maize cropland in the Loess Plateau, P. R. China, and to determine the effects of optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization practices on urea‐derived N2O emission factor (EF), grain yield, net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emission, and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI). Five treatments were considered, including control (CK), conventional N fertilization (Con), optimal N fertilization (Opt), optimal N fertilization plus nitrification inhibitor (Opt + DCD), and optimal N fertilization with slow release urea (Opt + SR). Soil acted as a small sink for atmospheric CH4. Nitrogen fertilization and heavy rainfall events (>40 mm) were the main factors controlling N2O emissions. The annual mean EF ranged from 0.12 to 0.55%. Compared to conventional N fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor decreased the annual cumulative N2O, NGHG, and NGHGI emissions by 45, 52, and 48%, respectively, without decreasing grain yield. In conclusion, nitrification inhibitor addition was the most effective practice to reduce N2O emissions in the rain‐fed regions of Loess Plateau.

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Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Agricultural Management Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Agricultural Management Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in organic and conventional wheat‐based farming systems

Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions in Spring Maize Field in the Semi‐Arid Regions of Loess Plateau

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