Net-Metering vs. Net-Billing from the Investors Perspective—Impacts of Changes in RES Financing in Poland on the Profitability of a Joint Photovoltaic Panels and Heat Pump System

Trela, Mariusz; Dubel, Anna

doi:10.3390/en15010227

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Net billing is a new prosumer billing system that has been in operation since April 2022 and involves surrendering unused surplus energy to the grid at a set price and buying back energy at the prices of the energy distributor if there is a shortfall in the energy produced from the prosumer's installation. Currently, net billing is on a monthly basis, which does not really have a particular impact on prosumers' or producers' energy storage activities [66,67]. This is due to the unpredictability of energy prices from one billing period to the next.…”

Section: Daily Energy Price Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation Solution in Photovoltaic Sector

Czepło,

Borowski

2024

Energies

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The modern world is moving towards a zero-emission economy; therefore, various actions are being taken to reduce the share of fossil fuels in energy production. The article examines the potential for the continued expansion of photovoltaic farms, with a special emphasis on farms utilising east–west panel orientation. The east–west orientation is an innovative solution with many advantages over the traditional north–south arrangement. The paper also makes a detailed assessment of the photovoltaic farm environment by applying two analyses based on the following factors: Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) and Demographic, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal, Informational, Social, and Technological (DEEPLIST) factors. This is followed by an insightful, comprehensive review of the most important factors that contribute to the efficiency of photovoltaic installations, namely site conditions, existing infrastructure, and ability to connect to the electricity grid. The paper also devotes space to an analysis of daily energy price changes that affect the economic efficiency of the installation and discusses the potential for energy storage in the context of photovoltaic farms. The development of photovoltaics also requires investing in energy storage. All discussed issues fall within the scope of photovoltaic farm development and optimal use of energy resources.

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Section: Daily Energy Price Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation Solution in Photovoltaic Sector

Czepło,

Borowski

2024

Energies

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“…The improvement of UHV power transmission capacity, the popularity of distribution network measurement devices, and the support of communication networks. The massive wide-area real-time measurement data acquisition, remote aggregation management and automatic optimal scheduling of generation, demand response and energy storage devices, and multi-VPP converge into a mega-grid platform to realize the unified network-wide scheduling of power generation, the coordinated channel of cross-region and cross-province channel power delivery and the accurate distribution of power purchase and sale demand [21][22]. Under multi-VPP, each VPP externally participates in the power market as a unified power plant, and the blockchain structure is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Multi-vpp Blockchain Structure Based On Shardingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-based data management mechanism for virtual power plants

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

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With the gradual deepening of power-related research and the expansion of power data volume, power data-oriented research and applications have fully entered the era of big data and cloud storage. The huge amount of heterogeneous data samples also bring a huge impact on traditional data processing methods. Therefore, let each virtual power plant participate in the electricity market externally as a unified power plant, and build a blockchain structure of multiple virtual power plants in the form of a slice. The structured data such as the basic information of the account is stored in the enterprise database in a relational data model and managed through an identity verification policy. The mechanism of off-chain negotiation and on-chain settlement is used to manage the transaction data. The management mechanism is further improved by combining an encryption scheme and a security evaluation method. After the practical test of the management mechanism, the time consumed for one and two parallel operations reaches 23 seconds and 8 seconds, and 4 seconds and 9 seconds or less for three and four times, respectively. In the case of nine users’ data distortion, the root means the square value of the blockchain data management mechanism is only 0.82, which is significantly less than 1. It shows that the blockchain-based data management mechanism, as a new generation of power data management means, can not only effectively integrate the power grid information data and relieve the pressure of the power grid system, but also avoid data leakage and strengthen power security.

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“…The most popular parameter of Naïve Bayes is expected a posteriori (EAP) from Equation ( 9), which is expected (θ ijk ) for density p θ ij D, G from Equation (10), which is the assumed a priori density p θ ij G from Equation (11) [41,43,44]:…”

Section: • Stage 7 Predicting the Expected Direction Of Product Quali...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamics of the development of PV results are mainly due to the financial support of that industry in households. For example, it is possible to achieve approximately 70% to 80% of free energy from photovoltaic energy, where the billing period is defined annually [10,11]. Additionally, the development of photovoltaics results from a need to include many different conditions during its design, for example, location, place of installation, distance between panels, or individual customers' preferences [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Model to Predict Expected Direction of Products Quality Improvement

2022

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Improving the quality of products remains a challenge. This is due to the turbulent environment and the dynamics of changing customer requirements. Hence, the key action is to predict beneficial changes in products, which will allow one to achieve customer satisfaction and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to develop a universal model to predict the expected direction of quality improvement. Initially, the purpose of the research was determined by using the SMART(-ER) method. Then, during the brainstorming method (BM), the product criteria and range states of these criteria were determined. Next, a survey with the Likert scale was used to obtain customers’ expectations, i.e., assessing the importance of criteria and customers’ satisfaction with ranges of product criteria states. Based on customer assessments, quality product levels were calculated using the Weighted Sum Model (WSM). Then, the initial customer satisfaction from the product quality level was identified according to the relative state’s scale. Based on this, the direction of product quality improvement was anticipated using the Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC). A test of the model was carried out for photovoltaic panels (PV) of a key EU producer. However, the proposed model is universal, because it can be used by any entity to predict the direction of improvement of any kind of product. The originality of this model allows the prediction of the destination of product improvement according to customers’ assessments for weights of criteria and satisfaction from ranges of quality-criterion states.

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Net-Metering vs. Net-Billing from the Investors Perspective—Impacts of Changes in RES Financing in Poland on the Profitability of a Joint Photovoltaic Panels and Heat Pump System

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Innovation Solution in Photovoltaic Sector

Innovation Solution in Photovoltaic Sector

Blockchain-based data management mechanism for virtual power plants

Universal Model to Predict Expected Direction of Products Quality Improvement

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