Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges

Maktabifard, Mojtaba; Al-Hazmi, Hussein E.; Szulc, Paulina; Mousavizadegan, Mohammad; Xu, Xianbao; Zaborowska, Ewa; Li, Xiang; Mąkinia, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113638

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Opportunity to conduct further research to validate the effectiveness of proposed measures under practical circumstances [114] Comprehensive review of practices aimed at achieving zero greenhouse emissions in WWTPs.…”

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maktabifard et al [114] presented a systematic review of various practices aimed at achieving net-zero carbon WWT. N 2 O mitigation strategies primarily target (i) optimizing aeration mode and DO set-point, (ii) preventing DO gradients through mixing optimization, (iii) avoiding NH 4+ peaks, (iv) preventing NO 2 accumulation, and (v) ensuring complete denitrification by providing adequate carbon sources or enhancing hydrolysis in primary clarifiers.…”

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilization of grease trap water increased biogas production by up to 209%. [114] An exploration of the energy and water requirements of water supply, WWT, and power generation systems, along with a critical assessment of their potential for achieving self-sufficiency in both energy and water, was presented by Gude [70]. As an example, the Green Bay, Wisconsin Metropolitan Sewerage District, serving over 217,000 residents with two treatment plants, successfully implemented energy-efficient blowers in its aeration system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Energy Consumption in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: An Overview

Tsalas,

Golfinopoulos,

Samios

et al. 2024

Energies

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Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, a cornerstone of environmental health for thriving biodiversity and undisturbed natural processes. This balance is crucial for the sustainability of ecosystems, directly influencing human health, biodiversity, and the overall quality of our natural environment. WWTPs contribute to this equilibrium by efficiently removing pollutants and harmful substances from wastewater, thus averting the degradation of water bodies that are essential for numerous ecological processes. WWTPs encompass multiple stages of wastewater and sludge treatment and are significant energy consumers globally, especially in secondary treatment, particularly the activated sludge method which is the most common method. With an upcoming directive from the European Union aiming to reduce energy consumption in WWTPs, this paper focuses on a literature review examining global practices implemented across all stages of WWTP treatment processes. It summarizes the key points of each study, focusing primarily on the outcomes of each application. This document concludes with an in-depth review of each study and provides general conclusions for each group of studies. The objective is to identify methods that have effectively reduced energy consumption and enhanced the overall energy efficiency of WWTPs. The main conclusions indicate that the studies encompass a wide range of applications that achieve significant reductions in energy consumption. However, additional testing of these applications in more diverse operating environments through trials could further enhance their reliability and increase acceptance among WWTP operators.

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Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Energy Consumption in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: An Overview

Tsalas,

Golfinopoulos,

Samios

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…Maktabifard et al [23] have recently provided a comprehensive overview of GHG mitigation strategies in WWTPs. According to [8,12], studies could be grouped on the basis of the main intervention analyzed: (i) reduction of energy demand, (ii) energy production from wastewater, and (iii) integration of the available renewable sources on site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Flexible Operation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Reduction of Its Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions—A Case Study

Topuz,

Alsmeyer,

Okutan

et al. 2024

Water

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The increasing share of renewables in electricity grids comes with a challenge of energy surpluses and deficits, which needs be handled by demand side management (DSM) and storage options. Within this approach, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with flexible energy consumption and production processes and storage units, can contribute to stabilizing the grids and integrating more renewables. In this study, the operation of a real WWTP was optimized by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to minimize its indirect carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The operation of the WWTP was shown to be flexible in following the CO2 emission factor of the electricity grid, which was possible with the utilization of the WWTP’s storage units and flexible co-substrate feeding. As a result, by changing only the operational behavior of the WWTP, its indirect CO2 emissions decreased by 4.8% due to the higher share of renewables in the electricity grid. The CO2 emissions were shown to decrease further up to 6.9% by adding virtual storage units.

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“…[5,6] Therefore, selecting a robust, tangible, and sustainable water treatment technology is indispensable. [7] Membrane separation stands out as a promising technology for water treatment owing to the associated eco-friendliness, low energy requirement, ease of operation, excellent separation efficiency, selectivity, adaptability, and scalability. [8] This technology utilizes selective barriers, known as membranes, which, when driven by a force (e. g., pressure), allow water to pass through while retaining pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent Organic Framework‐derived Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

Elmerhi,

Kumar,

Abi Jaoude

et al. 2023

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Water treatment has experienced a surge in the adoption of membrane separation technology. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of metal‐free and open‐framework materials, have emerged as potential membrane materials owing to their interconnected periodic porosity, tunability, and chemical stability. However, the challenges associated with processing COF powders into self‐standing membranes have spurred the emergence of COF composite membranes. This review article highlights the rationale behind developing COF composite membranes and their categories, including mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and thin film composite (TFC) membranes. The common fabrication techniques of each category are presented. In addition, the influence of COF additives on the performance of the resultant composite membranes is systematically discussed, with a focus on the recent progress in applying COF composite membranes in the separation of different categories of water pollutants, including organic ions/molecules, toxic solvents, proteins, toxic heavy metals, and radionuclides.

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Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges

Cited by 34 publications

References 137 publications

Optimization of Energy Consumption in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: An Overview

Optimization of Energy Consumption in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: An Overview

Role of Flexible Operation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Reduction of Its Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions—A Case Study

Covalent Organic Framework‐derived Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

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