Network analysis can guide resilience‐based management in forest landscapes under global change

Mina, Marco; Messier, Christian; Duveneck, Matthew J.; Fortin, Marie‐Josée; Aquilué, Núria

doi:10.1002/eap.2221

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Similar transitions from boreal forest to open parklands or prairie ecosystems is also projected for several regions in western Canada as a result of increase drought and wildfire activity (Stralberg et al 2018). Diversified forests were shown to be more resilient under increased anthropogenic climate forcing (Duveneck et al 2014; Mina et al 2020). Higher species diversity along with diversified functional traits and low projected disturbance rates will help northern hardwood forest landscapes being more resilient to climate-induced changes although species turnover will likely occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvest-induced increases in disturbance rates might modify the system’s inertia and accelerate climate-induced changes by removing resident communities and providing resources for warmed-adapted establishment and growth (Steenberg et al 2013; Brice et al 2020). Indeed, it was shown that alike canopy gaps (Leithead et al 2010), moderate harvest-induced disturbance rates under warmer temperatures could favor co-occurring thermophilous pioneer but also shade-tolerant species, and hasten their northward migration within the boreal forest (Steenberg et al 2013; Brice et al 2019, 2020; Mina et al 2020). When cumulated with increasing natural disturbance rates, harvest could bring total disturbance rates outside their range of natural variability (Bergeron et al 2006; Cyr et al 2009), resulting in regeneration failures and long-term changes in successional pathways (Splawinski et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By favoring structural and compositional diversities, ecosystem-based forest management was suggested to promote forest resilience under increasing climate warming (Duveneck et al 2014, 2015a; Boulanger et al 2019). Still, this business-as-usual strategy that is now extensively applied throughout northern forests might not be efficient in order to keep or restore functional diversity under climate change (Boulanger et al 2019; Mina et al 2020). It has to be assessed how such a strategy might interact with climate-induced changes and how it could affect forest inertia within different forest ecosystems that will experience contrasting disturbance- and climate regime changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boreal forests will be more severely affected by projected anthropogenic climate forcing than mixedwood and northern hardwood forests in eastern Canada

Boulanger

Puigdevall

2020

Preprint

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Context Increased anthropogenic climate forcing is projected to have tremendous impacts on global forest ecosystems, with northern biomes being more at risk. Objectives To model the impacts of harvest and increased anthropogenic climate forcing on eastern Canada forest landscapes and to assess the strong spatial heterogeneity in the severity, the nature and direction of the impacts expected within northern forest regions. Methods We used LANDIS-II to project species-specific aboveground biomass (AGB) between 2020 and 2150 under three climate (baseline, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and two harvest (baseline harvest, no harvest) scenarios within four forest regions (boreal west, boreal east, mixedwood and northern hardwood). Results Climate change impacts within the boreal forest regions would mainly result from increases in wildfires activity which will strongly alter total AGB. In the mixedwood and northern hardwood, changes will be less important and will result from climate-induced growth constraints that will alter species composition towards more thermophilous species. Climate-induced impacts were much more important and swifter under RCP 8.5 after 2080 suggesting that eastern Canada forests might cross important tipping points under strong anthropogenic climate forcing. Conclusions Boreal forest regions will be much less resilient than mixedwood or northern hardwoods to the projected changes in climate regimes. Current harvest strategies will interact with anthropogenic climate forcing to further modify forest landscapes, notably by accelerating thermophilous species AGB gain in southernmost regions. Major changes to harvest practices are strongly needed to preserve the long-term sustainability of wood supply in eastern Canada. Adaptation strategies should be region-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boreal forests will be more severely affected by projected anthropogenic climate forcing than mixedwood and northern hardwood forests in eastern Canada

Boulanger

Puigdevall

2020

Preprint

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“…This methodology could be further improved by considering additional local yield tables and observations. Nevertheless, by documenting such correspondence rules the model inputs generation is significantly more transparent and reproducible than other LANDIS-II studies (e.g., Mina et al, 2021).…”

Section: Spatial Imputation and Initial Vegetation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…PnET-Succession requires a series of generic, ecoregionand species-specific parameters. Although many default values have been made available by the model developers and in past application studies, most parameters require calibration according to the biogeographical location of the target landscape and the tree species included in the simulations (McKenzie et al, 2019;Mina et al, 2021).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Step-by-Step Guide to Initialize and Calibrate Landscape Models: A Case Study in the Mediterranean Mountains

et al. 2021

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The use of spatially interactive forest landscape models has increased in recent years. These models are valuable tools to assess our knowledge about the functioning and provisioning of ecosystems as well as essential allies when predicting future changes. However, developing the necessary inputs and preparing them for research studies require substantial initial investments in terms of time. Although model initialization and calibration often take the largest amount of modelers’ efforts, such processes are rarely reported thoroughly in application studies. Our study documents the process of calibrating and setting up an ecophysiologically based forest landscape model (LANDIS-II with PnET-Succession) in a biogeographical region where such a model has never been applied to date (southwestern Mediterranean mountains in Europe). We describe the methodological process necessary to produce the required spatial inputs expressing initial vegetation and site conditions. We test model behaviour on single-cell simulations and calibrate species parameters using local biomass estimations and literature information. Finally, we test how different initialization data—with and without shrub communities—influence the simulation of forest dynamics by applying the calibrated model at landscape level. Combination of plot-level data with vegetation maps allowed us to generate a detailed map of initial tree and shrub communities. Single-cell simulations revealed that the model was able to reproduce realistic biomass estimates and competitive effects for different forest types included in the landscape, as well as plausible monthly growth patterns of species growing in Mediterranean mountains. Our results highlight the importance of considering shrub communities in forest landscape models, as they influence the temporal dynamics of tree species. Besides, our results show that, in the absence of natural disturbances, harvesting or climate change, landscape-level simulations projected a general increase of biomass of several species over the next decades but with distinct spatio-temporal patterns due to competitive effects and landscape heterogeneity. Providing a step-by-step workflow to initialize and calibrate a forest landscape model, our study encourages new users to use such tools in forestry and climate change applications. Thus, we advocate for documenting initialization processes in a transparent and reproducible manner in forest landscape modelling.

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Smartforests Canada: A Network of Monitoring Plots for Forest Management Under Environmental Change

Pappas

Bélanger

Bergeron

et al. 2021

Managing Forest Ecosystems

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Monitoring of forest response to gradual environmental changes or abrupt disturbances provides insights into how forested ecosystems operate and allows for quantification of forest health. In this chapter, we provide an overview of Smartforests Canada, a national-scale research network consisting of regional investigators who support a wealth of existing and new monitoring sites. The objectives of Smartforests are threefold: (1) establish and coordinate a network of high-precision monitoring plots across a 4400 km gradient of environmental and forest conditions, (2) synthesize the collected multivariate observations to examine the effects of global changes on complex above- and belowground forest dynamics and resilience, and (3) analyze the collected data to guide the development of the next-generation forest growth models and inform policy-makers on best forest management and adaptation strategies. We present the methodological framework implemented in Smartforests to fulfill the aforementioned objectives. We then use an example from a temperate hardwood Smartforests site in Quebec to illustrate our approach for climate-smart forestry. We conclude by discussing how information from the Smartforests network can be integrated with existing data streams, from within Canada and abroad, guiding forest management and the development of climate change adaptation strategies.

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Network analysis can guide resilience‐based management in forest landscapes under global change

Abstract: Network analysis can guide resilience-based management in forest landscapes under global change. Ecological Applications 00(

Cited by 47 publications

References 100 publications

Boreal forests will be more severely affected by projected anthropogenic climate forcing than mixedwood and northern hardwood forests in eastern Canada

Boreal forests will be more severely affected by projected anthropogenic climate forcing than mixedwood and northern hardwood forests in eastern Canada

A Step-by-Step Guide to Initialize and Calibrate Landscape Models: A Case Study in the Mediterranean Mountains

Smartforests Canada: A Network of Monitoring Plots for Forest Management Under Environmental Change

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