Network Analysis of Emotional Symptoms and their Relationship with Different Types of Cybervictimization

Abstract

Background: Cyberbullying is a highly prevalent problem in our society with important implications for adolescent psychological wellbeing. The objective of the study was to examine the network structure of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale in a sample of youths, and find out the relationships between different types of cybervictimization and the presence of negative emotional states. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 2,171 high school students with a mean age of 13.84 (with 50.53% males and 49.47% females). The Cybervictimization Questionnaire (CYVIC) and the Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered. Results: Positive correlations were found between all the dimensions of the DASS-21 and the types of cybervictimization. The network structure showed that the different nodes of three emotional states were positively related to each other (although some relationships were stronger than others). Furthermore, girls had significantly higher means in depression, anxiety, and stress. In analyzing the network, the strongest associations in both sexes were found to be between anxiety and written-verbal cybervictimization and exclusion. Conclusions: Negative emotional states and types of cybervictimization were related in a complex network where efforts to approach reduction of emotional symptoms associated with cybervictimization could produce lasting benefits for the emotional wellbeing of youths.

Healthy Lifestyle in Adolescence: Associations with Stress, Self-Esteem and the Roles of School Violence

“…The data reflect that girl victims have greater emotional manifestations of stress, compared to boy victims who have more behavioral manifestations, physical activity, and self-esteem. As stated by Molero et al [ 33 ], girls have higher mean scores in stress, anxiety, and depression.…”

“…Peer victimization can negatively affect young people’s life satisfaction, decreasing their perception of community support and impairing their development and quality of life [ 32 ]. In addition, positive correlations have been found between cybervictimization and levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, with adolescent girls having higher means [ 33 ]. Young people who lead a healthy lifestyle based on good hygiene, physical activity, and abstinence from tobacco have a lower probability of being bullied or being victims of school violence [ 34 ].…”

Prevalence of Dangerousness to the Public, Criminogenic Risk Factors and Psychopathic Traits in Child-to-Parent Offenders and Contrast with Non-Child-to-Parent Offenders

“…Contrariwise, other reviews [ 55 , 56 ] attribute the effectiveness in reducing recidivism to the improvement in psychopaths of the strategies to avoid legal detention as a consequence of the skills acquired in treatment. In any way, psychopathic traits have an indirect effect on emotional intelligence, a critical skill for an effective treatment of psychopathy [ 57 ] and the palliation of the emotional clinical symptoms and, by extension, a mitigation of recidivism [ 58 ]. Fourth, a superficial, grandiose, and manipulative personality (interpersonal traits) as well as callousness and lack of remorse (affective traits) define CPOs in comparison to non-CPOs.…”

The Role of Family Functionality and Its Relationship with Psychological Well-Being and Emotional Intelligence in High School Students

“…It has been observed that dysfunctional family environments have a direct impact on adolescent development with detrimental consequences in both the short and long term, which is why it has been proposed to preserve the social and psychological well-being of adolescents by addressing the relationship between adequate development and family cohesion [6][7][8]. In addition to these findings, several authors demonstrate the importance of a well-functioning family for this stage that favours a greater state of psychological wellbeing and increases emotional skills in adolescents so that they can develop positively [9,10] and improve their cognitive performance [11].…”