Network analysis of PTSD symptoms following mass violence.

Sullivan, Connor; Smith, Andrew J.; Lewis, Michael; Jones, Russell T.

doi:10.1037/tra0000237

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Network models were implemented only recently in the field of PTSD research (McNally et al, 2015), and have been used in at least 11 papers since (Afzali et al, 2016(Afzali et al, , 2017Armour et al, 2016;Birkeland & Heir, 2017;Bryant et al, 2016;Frewen, Schmittmann, Bringmann, & Borsboom, 2013;Knefel, Tran, & Lueger-Schuster, 2016;Mitchell et al, 2017;Spiller et al, 2017;Sullivan, Smith, Lewis, & Jones, 2016). Overall, we identify three specific challenges in the prior literature of PTSD symptom networks that we aim to address in the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This is not an easy question to answer for several reasons. There is a considerable number of papers by now, and integrating all findings qualitatively would not only be a review paper by itself, the task is especially challenging since papers used different symptom sets as basis for network estimation, including DSM-IV symptoms (e.g., (McNally et al, 2015)), DSM-5 symptoms (e.g., (Afzali et al, 2016;Armour et al, 2016)), or other scales such as the 10-item Trauma Screening Questionnaire (Sullivan et al, 2016); these symptom lists differ considerably from each other in length and content. Further, we are only aware of two PTSD papers that made data available publicly (Armour et al, 2016;McNally et al, 2015), and few papers made the adjacency matrices of their network models available, which makes statistical comparisons of the networks we obtained in our analysis to networks estimated in the prior literature impossible.…”

Section: Relation To Prior Ptsd Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, studies have applied network models to PTSD symptom data only in community (e.g. (Afzali et al, 2016(Afzali et al, , 2017Sullivan et al, 2016)) or subclinical/mixed samples (e.g. (Armour et al, 2016;Bryant et al, 2016;Knefel et al, 2016;McNally et al, 2015;Mitchell et al, 2017)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replicability and generalizability of PTSD networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples

Fried¹

2017

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The growing literature conceptualizing mental disorders like Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as networks of interacting symptoms faces three key challenges. Prior studies predominantly used (a) small samples with low power for precise network estimation, (b) non-clinical samples, and (c) single samples. This renders network structures in clinical data, and the extent to which networks replicate across datasets, unknown. To overcome these limitations, the present cross-cultural multisite study estimated regularized partial correlation networks of 16 PTSD symptoms across four datasets of traumatized patients receiving treatment for PTSD (total N=2,782), and compared resulting networks.Despite differences in culture, trauma-type and severity of the samples, considerable similarities emerged, with moderate to high correlations between symptom profiles (0.43 to 0.82), network structures (0.62 to 0.74), and centrality estimates (0.63 to 0.75). We discuss the importance of future replicability efforts to improve clinical psychological science, and provide code, model output, and correlation matrices to make the results of this paper fully reproducible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Relation To Prior Ptsd Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replicability and generalizability of PTSD networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples

Fried¹

2017

Preprint

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“…The influence of anger on PTSD and its interactions with symptoms of PTSD are not yet fully understood (McHugh, Forbes, Bates, Hopwood, & Creamer, 2012). In a network analysis, Sullivan, Smith, Lewis, and Jones (2016) found anger to be an important and highly connected symptom in the PTSD symptom network. In meta-analytical studies, anger and aggression were strongly related to PTSD and maintenance of symptoms, with the effect of anger becoming stronger over time, adding significantly to symptom distress (Orth & Wieland, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

Glück

Knefel

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Anger and shame are aspects that are specifically associated with psychopathology and maladaptation after childhood abuse and neglect. They are known to influence symptom maintenance and exacerbation; however, their interaction is not fully understood. Objective: To explore with network analysis the association and interaction of prolonged, complex interpersonal childhood abuse and neglect in institutional foster care settings [institutional abuse (IA)] with anger, shame, and the proposed 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adult survivors. Method: Adult survivors of IA (N = 220, mean age = 57.95 years) participated in the study and were interviewed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the International Trauma Questionnaire, the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire, and shame-related items. To identify the most central aspects, we used a staged network analysis and centrality analysis approach: (1) on the scale level; (2) on the item/symptom level; and (3) with modularity analysis to find communities within the item-level network. Results: Trait anger, anger rumination, emotional abuse, and PTSD re-experiencing symptoms played the most important roles on a scale level and were then further analyzed on the item/symptom level. The most central symptom on the item level was anger rumination related to meaningful past events. The modularity analysis supported discriminant validity of the included scales. Conclusions: Anger is an important factor in the psychopathological processes following childhood abuse. Anger rumination is closely related to PTSD symptoms; however, anger is not a part of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD in the present study.

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“…disorders or covariates) in adult samples using putatively "state-of-the-art" network methods: Armour, Fried, Deserno, Tsai and Pietrzak, 2017;Birkeland and Heir, 2017;Epskamp, Borsboom and Fried, 2017;Fried et al, under review;McNally, Heeren and Robinaugh, 2017;Mitchell et al, 2017;Spiller et al, 2017;and Sullivan, Smith, Lewis and Jones, 2016. All eight papers use graphical LASSO regularisation to eliminate weak and unreliable edges in conjunction with the bootnet package (Epskamp et al, 2017) to "safeguard against false positive results, and also help us to identify consistent pathways that are highly reliable across studies" (Fried & Cramer,in press,p. 40).…”

Section: Evidence Of Poor Replicability From the Psychopathology Netwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence that psychopathology networks have limited replicability and utility: Response to Borsboom et al. (2017) and Steinley et al. (2017)

Forbes¹,

Wright²,

Markon³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In our target article, we tested the replicability of four popular psychopathology network estimation methods that aim to reveal causal relationships among symptoms of mental illness.We started with the focal data set from the two foundational psychopathology network papers (i.e., the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication) and identified the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing as a close methodological match for comparison. We compared the psychopathology networks estimated in each dataset-as well as in ten sets of random split-halves within each dataset-with the goal of quantifying the replicability of the network parameters as they are interpreted in the extant psychopathology network literature. We concluded that current psychopathology network methods have limited replicability both within and between samples, and thus have limited utility. Here we respond to the two commentaries on our target article, concluding that Steinley, Hoffman, Brusco and Sher's (2017) findings-along with other recent developments in the literature-provide further conclusive evidence that psychopathology networks have poor replicability and utility.General Scientific Summary: This response to the two commentaries on our target article reiterates the conclusion that popular network analysis methods produce unreliable results.

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Network analysis of PTSD symptoms following mass violence.

Abstract: Findings suggest that anger or intrusion likely play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of PTSD (i.e., are more influential within the network than are other symptoms). (PsycINFO Database Record

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Replicability and generalizability of PTSD networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples

Replicability and generalizability of PTSD networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples

A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

Further evidence that psychopathology networks have limited replicability and utility: Response to Borsboom et al. (2017) and Steinley et al. (2017)

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