Network and Psychological Effects in Urban Movement

Hillier, Bill; Iida, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/11556114_30

Cited by 518 publications

(600 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The length, l, of such a path can be defined in two ways: in purely topological terms, as the number of links it comprises (which is 1 fewer than the number of nodes in the path), or in metric terms, as the sum of the physical length of all constituent links. The choice of which to use depends on interpretation: metric distance is a true measure of cost, but topological distance has been suggested to be more representative of distance as perceived by an individual navigating the network (Hillier and Iida 2005). In this paper, we test hypotheses using both variants.…”

Section: Street Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship Between Road Structure and Burglary Risk Via Quantitative Network Analysis

2014

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Objectives To test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of residential burglary is shaped by the configuration of the street network, as predicted by, for example, crime pattern theory. In particular, the study examines whether burglary risk is higher on street segments with higher usage potential.Methods Residential burglary data for Birmingham (UK) are examined at the street segment level using a hierarchical linear model. Estimates of the usage of street segments are derived from the graph theoretical metric of betweenness, which measures how frequently segments feature in the shortest paths (those most likely to be used) through the network. Several variants of betweenness are considered. The geometry of street segments is also incorporated-via a measure of their linearity-as are several socio-demographic factors.Results As anticipated by theory, the measure of betweenness was found to be a highlysignificant predictor of the burglary victimization count at the street segment level for all but one of the variants considered. The non-significant result was found for the most localized measure of betweenness considered. More linear streets were generally found to be at lower risk of victimization.Conclusion Betweenness offers a more granular and objective means of measuring the street network than categorical classifications previously used, and its meaning links more directly to theory. The results provide support for crime pattern theory, suggesting a higher risk of burglary for streets with more potential usage. The apparent negative effect of linearity suggests the need for further research into the visual component of target choice, and the role of guardianship.

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Section: Street Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship Between Road Structure and Burglary Risk Via Quantitative Network Analysis

2014

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“…This angular sum is treated as the 'cost' of a putative journey through the graph, and from it a shortest (that is, least cost) path from one segment to another across the system can be calculated. Most recently, Hillier and Iida (2005) have demonstrated that there is excellent correlation between various ASA measures and movement in four areas of London, including a standard dataset for the Barnsbury area published by Penn and Dalton (1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Axial to Road-Centre Lines: A New Representation for Space Syntax and a New Model of Route Choice for Transport Network Analysis

Turner

2007

Environ Plann B Plann Des

364

238

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Axial analysis is one of the fundamental components of space syntax. The space syntax community has suggested that it picks up qualities of configurational relationships between spaces not illuminated by other representations. However, critics have questioned the absolute necessity of axial lines to space syntax, as well as the exact definition of axial lines. Why not another representation? In particular, why not road-centre lines, which are easily available in many countries for use within geographical information systems?Here we propose that a recently introduced method of analysis, angular segment analysis, can marry axial and road-centre line representations, and in doing so reflect a cognitive model of how route choice decisions may be made. We show that angular segment analysis can be applied generally to road-centre line segments or axial segments, through a simple length-weighted normalisation procedure that makes values between the two maps comparable. We make comparative quantitative assessments for a real urban system, not just investigating angular analysis between axial and road-centre line networks, but also including more intuitive measures based on block-distances between locations.We show that the new angular segment analysis algorithm produces better correlation with observed vehicular flow than both standard axial analysis and block-distance measures. The results imply that there is no reason why space syntax inspired measures cannot be combined with transportation network analysis representations in order to create a new, cognitively coherent, model of movement in the city.

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“…Space syntax research has contributed to the development of new geometric descriptions and measures of distance that have proven most successful, not least when it comes to capturing pedestrian movement (Hillier & Iida 2005). However, the description and measurement of attractions has not been central to the field.…”

Section: Urban Models: Distance Attraction and Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conception of distance developed in space syntax proves most powerful when tested empirically. Extensive tests in space syntax research, demonstrate how distance measured topologically as amount of changes in direction, or geometrically as amount of angular deviation, both performs considerably better when it comes to predicting human movement behaviour than traditional metric measures of distance (Hillier & Iida 2005). Similarly, it has been shown over a broad range of thematic studies, including the perception of safety, the distribution of retail and the use of urban green spaces, how human movement is an essential 'intermediate system' in explaining the influence of spatial form on such phenomena.…”

Section: Modelling Distance: Universal Distance or Centralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Location-based density and diversity – adding attraction variables to space syntax

Marcus

Pont

Stavroulaki

et al. 2017

Proceedings 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age

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The central variables in any urban model are distance and attraction (Wilson 2000). Space syntax research has contributed to the development of new geometric descriptions and measures of distance that have proven successful when it comes to capturing pedestrian movement. However, the description and measurement of attractions has not been central to the field. An important exception is the development of Place Syntax analysis, which concerns new methodologies and software that opens for analysis not only of different kinds of accessibilities in the street network in itself, but also analysis of the accessibility within the network to different forms of attractions, for instance, residents or retail (Ståhle et al 2005). Place Syntax analysis is a generic form of analysis, why we may choose to analyse the accessibility to particular socio-economic attractions, but we may also conceive of a model of ‘pure’ spatial form – a kind of architectural model of the city. For instance, Place Syntax analysis has been applied in different kinds of density analysis, transforming density measures from area-based measures to location-based measures (Ståhle et al 2005). In this paper, we extend such spatial attraction to not only include the variable of density but also diversity and present results from an extensive empirical study including four European cities, paving the way towards a more complete architectural model of the city including both the analysis of distance and attractions.

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Network and Psychological Effects in Urban Movement

Cited by 518 publications

References 26 publications

Examining the Relationship Between Road Structure and Burglary Risk Via Quantitative Network Analysis

Examining the Relationship Between Road Structure and Burglary Risk Via Quantitative Network Analysis

From Axial to Road-Centre Lines: A New Representation for Space Syntax and a New Model of Route Choice for Transport Network Analysis

Location-based density and diversity – adding attraction variables to space syntax

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