“…This paper makes contributions to the development of social networks from several aspects. First, there is a lot of literature examining the value of CEO or board interlocking network centrality partially (Cai & Sevilir, 2012;Chuluun et al, 2014;Cohen, Frazzini, & Malloy, 2008;El-Khatib et al, 2015;Helmers et al, 2017;Larcker et al, 2013;Rossi et al, 2018;Skousen et al, 2018). In this paper, however, we take all TMT members into account rather than only a few members.…”