Network characteristics of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber networks obtained by radiation crosslinking by electron beam

Perraud, Sophie; Vallat, Marie‐France; David, M; Kuczyński, Jerzy

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.016

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is contradictory to the results Perraud et al found. They saw an increase in stiffness for the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), an elastomer commonly used in the automotive and printing industries, which includes two components of ABS, A-and B-, when it was irradiated with an electron beam [12]. The elongation at break decreased with increasing irradiation dose, which was the same behaviour as we noticed in our test (Figure 3).…”

Section: Effect Of the Gamma Irradiation Dose On Abssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The effect of the gamma irradiation could be observed in the ABS viscosity illustrated in Table 1 and Figure 8, and it increased with increasing irradiation dose. The most likely cause is that the ABS crosslinked, as has been seen in other studies made by Cardona et al and Perraud et al [12,13]. Combining the viscosity curves in the same graph shows that the viscosity increased with increasing gamma irradiation dose; this can be observed in Figure 8.…”

Section: Viscosity Comparison Of Unirradiated and Gamma Irradiated Abssupporting

confidence: 68%

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The Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Repeated Recycling and Accelerated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymer Aging

Tostar

Stenvall²,

Boldizar³

et al. 2014

Int J Waste Resources

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Electronic waste also referred to as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is the fastest growing waste stream in Europe today. The fast exchange pace of mobile phones, television sets and computers create an important need to develop recycling areas to take care of, reuse and recycle all the materials they contain. One common plastic in WEEE is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer (ABS). Repeated recycling of plastic causes it to chemically degrade and one of the unwanted effects is the shortening of the polymer chains. Gamma irradiation is known to be able to crosslink polymers and thus reverse the chain shortening. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that gamma irradiation of ABS would have a beneficial effect when recycling plastic. Comparative experiments of gamma irradiation has been done according to two methods: A single gamma irradiation (40 kGy) before the extrusion and aging cycles, and the effect of four 10 kGy doses delivered before each of the re-extrusion steps were completed. The results show that gamma irradiation has an impact on the mechanical and rheological properties of ABS. The yield stress increased with irradiation doses of 0, 10, 50 and 400 kGy. The viscosity also increased in the test samples with irradiation doses of 0, 10, 100 and 200 kGy. In the multi-recycling and accelerated aging test, there was a significant reduction in stiffness for the gamma irradiated samples after the second out of four cycles which cannot be fully explained.

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Section: Effect Of the Gamma Irradiation Dose On Abssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Viscosity Comparison Of Unirradiated and Gamma Irradiated Abssupporting

confidence: 68%

The Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Repeated Recycling and Accelerated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymer Aging

Tostar

Stenvall²,

Boldizar³

et al. 2014

Int J Waste Resources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 2(a,b) presents the FTIR spectra of GTR before and after devulcanization. According to Lambert–Beer law,16, 17 the peak area is directly proportional to the thickness or concentration of a sample. Therefore, the peak area method can be used to evaluate the structural change of the samples 18, 19.…”

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of devulcanization level on mechanical properties of reclaimed rubber by thermal‐mechanical shearing devulcanization

Tao

Xia

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ground tire rubber (GTR) with crosslinked structure has hardly any plasticity and processability, which makes its property very poor. Thermal-mechanical shearing devulcanization method can effectively destroy the crosslinked structure and restore GTR a certain extent of plasticity and processability. This article investigated the characteristic and reprocessing performance of reclaimed rubber prepared through thermal-mechanical shearing devulcanization. The relationship between the devulcanization level (indicated by gel fraction and crosslink density) and the mechanical property was analyzed by sufficient experiments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analyzer studies revealed the chemical structure of GTR changed and many complex reactions occurred after devulcanization. The gel permeation chromatography indicated the specific changes of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in devulcanization process. The differential scanning calorimetry revealed various vulcanized abilities and vulcanized structures of reclaimed rubber. The scanning electron microscope further confirmed the recovery of plasticity after devulcanization and the distinct vulcanized structures between revulcanizates. The determination of devulcanization level and mechanical properties verified that mechanical properties especially tensile strength reached to the optimum value only at an appropriate devulcanization level.

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“…The peak assignments for the ATR-FTIR spectra are shown in Table 2. In addition, the broad peak at 3365 cm −1 can be attributed to the O–H symmetric stretching vibration [20,40]. It can be seen that the new peak around 3365 cm −1 occurred and gradually strengthened with exposure time increasing, implying the formation of hydroxyl groups due to oxidation of the rubber seals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Multiple Environmental Factors on Degradation of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Seals

et al. 2018

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Degradation tests of hydrogenated nitrile rubber seals, often used as sealing components in hydraulic systems, were conducted under the free and compression state in air and hydraulic oil at three elevated temperatures for several days to investigate the synergistic effects among three factors. The crosslinking and chain scission reactions both occurred simultaneously at higher temperature during the degradation process, and crosslinking predominated for most cases. Additionally, the synergistic effect between compression stress and hydraulic oil further slowed the degradation rate by limiting oxygen access. However, the higher temperature and hydraulic oil both promoted the formation of oxidation products, whereas the compression stress restrained the formation of amide groups. The fracture morphology results show that the defects gradually formed on the fracture surface, especially for the uncompressed specimens. The increase of the compression set aged in air was more than that in hydraulic oil, implying the more serious degradation. Moreover, rubber seals under the synthetic effect of three environmental factors presented the minimum degradation level. The degradation of the compressed and uncompressed specimens exposed to hydraulic oil is more serious than that of specimens exposed to air.

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Network characteristics of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber networks obtained by radiation crosslinking by electron beam

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

The Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Repeated Recycling and Accelerated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymer Aging

The Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Repeated Recycling and Accelerated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymer Aging

The effect of devulcanization level on mechanical properties of reclaimed rubber by thermal‐mechanical shearing devulcanization

Synergistic Effects of Multiple Environmental Factors on Degradation of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Seals

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