Network Coding in Relay-Based Device-to-Device Communications

Abstract

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications has been realized as an effective means to improve network throughput, reduce transmission latency, and extend cellular coverage in 5G systems. Network coding is a well-established technique known for its capability to reduce the number of retransmissions. In this article, we review state-of-the-art network coding in relay-based D2D communications, in terms of application scenarios and network coding techniques. We then apply two representative network coding techniques to dual-hop D2D communications and present an efficient relay node selecting mechanism as a case study. We also outline potential future research directions, according to the current research challenges. Our intention is to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of the current research status in this area and hope that this article may motivate more researchers to participate in developing network coding techniques for different relay-based D2D communications scenarios.

Cooperative Vehicular Networking: A Survey

“…This can be further improved if the forwarding mechanism employs network coding. Network coding is a well-established technique known for its capability to minimize the number of retransmissions [95]. A network coding-based cooperative forwarding mechanism is investigated by Celimuge et al [78].…”

Combining Network Coding and Retransmission Techniques to Improve the Communication Reliability of Wireless Sensor Network

“…In this way, nodes A and C, as shown in Figure 4, transmit their messages simultaneously to the intermediate node, node B, which receives the overlapping signals. Then, the intermediate node extracts a linear combination from the received signal, without the need to individually obtain the messages, and proceeds similarly to the network coding technique [29]. The Analog Network Coding uses the interference generated by simultaneous transmissions as an ally.…”

“…The signal resulting from a collision is the superposition of the different signals. Thus, node A, after receiving the summed signal, calculates the phase shift of node B by using its signal in the sum, thereby recovering the node B signal destinated to it; node B can recover the signal that it similarly expects from node A [29,30].…”

Multi-Hop D2D Communications With Network Coding: From a Performance Perspective

“…It is known that network coding is capable of improving network throughput performance by allowing relay nodes to compute and then forward the received packets [7], [8], [9]. Generally speaking, the techniques of network coding can be divided into the following major categories [10]: physical layer network coding (PNC), analog network coding (ANC), instant decodable network coding (IDNC), and random linear network coding (RLNC). Each network coding method has its own pros and cons that fit best with a particular scenario.…”