Network Coding with Multi-Generation Mixing: A Generalized Framework for Practical Network Coding

A Tutorial and Review on Inter-Layer FEC Coded Layered Video Streaming

“…• FEC based UEP Schemes -Packet-level Schemes: as in [1], [59], [60], [62], [63], [67], [69], [71], [74], [78], [85], [87]- [89], [92], [93], [98], [99], [101], mitigate the packet-loss events, as exemplified by the packets lost in Internet-routers [39]. These schemes are typically hard-decoded at the higher layers.…”

“…Hence UEP of these non-uniformly distributed SI values was employed for the sake of reducing the required bitrate in the application of distributed video coding (DVC) [120], [121]. Similar to the packet-level schemes of [1], [85], [89], [93], where the information of the ELs was utilized for protecting the BL, the authors of [25] developed bit-level interlayer coded FEC (IL-FEC) arrangements for layered video telephony over wireless fading channels in [2], [115], [116] relying on soft-decoded RSC, turbo and self-concatenated convolutional codes, respectively, where the systematic bits of the BL are implanted into the ELs at the transmitter. At the receiver, the BL's bits implanted into the ELs may be utilized for correcting the BL.…”

“…Halloush and Radha [93] proposed the so-called Multi-Generation Mixing (MGM) technique, which allows us to recover packets using data encoded into other packets.…”

“…Hence, when only a low number of coded packets is received, the most important data can be recovered with a high probability. As a further advance, Multi-Generation Mixing (MGM) was developed in [93] for combating the deleterious effects of packet-loss events. When an insufficient number of packets is received for a specific chunk of packets, it is still possible to recover the chunk using the data embedded into other chunks.…”

“…Similar techniques were also investigated in [54], [113], [114]. The common characteristic within the contributions of [1], [85], [89], [93] is that they all facilitate the enhanced protection of the BL using the information of the ELs. In the rest of the paper, we refer to these schemes as LA-FEC.…”