Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review

Kocjan, Janusz; Adamek, Mariusz; Gzik-Zroska, Β.; Czyżewski, Damian; Rydel, Mateusz

doi:10.5603/arm.2017.0037

Cited by 84 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The diaphragm has multiple physiological roles. The phrenic nerve that innervates the functions of the diaphragm has a connection with the vagus nerve, which can affect the whole body system [ 4 ]. Diaphragmatic motion in breathing directly and indirectly affects the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and also influences motor nerve activities and brain mass [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review

Hamasaki¹

2020

Medicines

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Background: Breathing is an essential part of life. Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is slow and deep breathing that affects the brain and the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems through the modulation of autonomic nervous functions. However, the effects of DB on human health need to be further investigated. Methods: The author conducted a PubMed search regarding the current evidence of the effect of DB on health. Results: This review consists of a total of 10 systematic reviews and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DB appears to be effective for improving the exercise capacity and respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the effect of DB on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with asthma needs to be investigated, it may also help in reducing stress; treating eating disorders, chronic functional constipation, hypertension, migraine, and anxiety; and improving the QoL of patients with cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with heart failure. Conclusions: Based on this narrative review, the exact usefulness of DB in clinical practice is unclear due to the poor quality of studies. However, it may be a feasible and practical treatment method for various disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review

Hamasaki¹

2020

Medicines

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“…The diaphragm muscle in the quadrupeds helps in the movement of the torso laterality in locomotion. In sapiens, it plays an important role in synchronizing with the pelvic diaphragm, controlling the movements of the lower limb through the connection with the psoas muscle, in the new position, through the medial arcuate ligament [ 32 ]. The lumbar part helps to stabilize the lumbar region, especially in the second half of the forced expiration [ 33 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of the Fascial System

Vieira¹

2020

Cureus

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The fascial system, due to its enormous capacity to connect all other body systems, is currently highlighted for a better understanding of human life and health. The evolutionary theory is the most accepted explanation today to describe the development of this enormous variety of life on our planet. The report presents phylogenesis through the eyes of the fascial system. The development of the fascial system and its adaptations have made it possible to increase Homo sapiens' survival and success. We present a historical contextualization of the evolutionary theory followed by the main changes in the movement fasciae, in the transverse diaphragms, visceral fasciae, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and neural fasciae. The article presents the evolutionary perspective with the resulting increase in efficiency with less energy expenditure.

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“…The diaphragm is responsible for performing from 60 to 80% of the inspiratory effort [5,9,10]. It shows bilateral innervation from the cervical plexus through two phrenic nerves that are formed from C3 to C5 roots (C4 probably to a greater extent) [11,12]. Involvement of diaphragmatic muscles or the phrenic nerve can cause diaphragmatic dysfunction [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and predictive factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute stroke

2020

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Background: The most characteristic clinical signs of stroke are motor and/or sensory involvement of one side of the body. Respiratory involvement has also been described, which could be related to diaphragmatic dysfunction contralateral to the brain injury. Our objective is to establish the incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction in ischaemic stroke and analyse the relationship between this and the main prognostic markers. Methods: A prospective study of 60 patients with supratentorial ischaemic stroke in the first 48 h. Demographic and clinical factors were recorded. A diaphragmatic ultrasound was performed for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction by means of the thickening fraction, during normal breathing and after forced inspiration. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was considered as a thickening fraction lower than 20%. The appearance of respiratory symptoms, clinical outcomes and mortality were recorded for 6 months. A bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was designed to relate the incidence of respiratory involvement with the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction and with the main clinical determinants. Results: An incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction of 51.7% was observed. 70% (23 cases) of these patients developed symptoms of severe respiratory compromise during follow-up. Independent predictors were diaphragmatic dysfunction in basal respiration (p = 0.026), hemiparesis (p = 0.002) and female sex (p = 0.002). The cutoff point of the thickening fraction with greater sensitivity (75.75%) and specificity (62.9%) was 24% (p = 0.003). Conclusions: There is a high incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with supratentorial ischaemic stroke which can be studied by calculating the thickening fraction on ultrasound. Among these patients we have detected a higher incidence of severe respiratory involvement.

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Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review

Phylogenetics of the Fascial System

Incidence and predictive factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute stroke

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