Network Theory of Antenna Arrays

Abstract

The microwave network theory of antenna arrays improves on the classical array factor modeling approach by including in the analysis the effects of mutual coupling between array elements. Network theory allows numerical simulations of antenna arrays to be combined with network models for transmitter and receiver electronics to provide a full model for the signal and noise response of the system. The network theory framework provides definitions for active array figures of merit, such as aperture efficiency, receiving efficiency, and noise‐matching efficiency, and can be used to link the array system model with the analytical tools of array signal processing and statistically optimal beamformer design. An application is given to high‐sensitivity array feed receivers used for radio astronomy.