Networked Zwitterionic Durable Antibacterial Surfaces

Abstract

Recently, intensive research has been conducted on the development of bacterial repelling surfaces because of the disadvantages of the conventional bactericidal leaching and contact-killing surfaces for practical application. Among these bacteriarepelling methodologies, zwitterionic polymers were widely investigated because of its excellent nonfouling properties, but its durability has limited its widespread use since most of the surfaces were developed by constructing polymer brushes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In this study, we developed zwitterionic polymer surfaces with desirable mechanical and chemical durability for long-term use through simple blending of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA)/poly(ether sulfone) (PES) semi-interpenetrated networked microgels with hydrophobic PES polymer matrix. Results show that the as-prepared surfaces can efficiently induce hydration layers and, thus, reduce the bacterial attachment through resisting nonspecific protein adsorption. The bacterial adhesion for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated under both flow and static conditions. This work has set a paradigm for developing durable antibacterial surfaces with nonfouling properties.

Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings

“…Very recently, addressing the potential use of surface-bound nanogels as coatings for improving the non-fouling properties of the biomaterials, Huang et al introduced zwitterionic nanogel coated surfaces [ 282 ]. Poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA)/poly (ether sulfone) (PES) nanogels were blended within the PES polymer matrix and further cast on glass surfaces.…”

“… Coating Applications Nanogels Ref. Reduced protein adhesion p (NIPAM) nanogels cross-linked with PEG diacrylate [ 27 ] Prevented bacteria attachment on the surface for biomaterials p (NIPMAM) nanogel coatings [ 29 ] Allowed cell adhesion and spreading p (NIPAM) nanogels [ 268 ] Antifouling surface towards bacteria on the surface p (NIPAM -co- VFc) nanogels [ 281 ] Decreased bacterial attachment and biofilm thickness for biomaterials PSBMA/PES nanogels [ 282 ] Reduced protein adsorption SiO 2 quartz sensors (PVCL-co-PGMA-g-PSB) zwitterionic nanogels [ 283 ] Antifouling properties for biosensors p (NIPMAM) nanogels [ 284 ] Antifouling properties and self-cleaning performance for the membrane (P4VP) nanogels [ 285 ] Inhibited the bacterial adhesion and the protein adsorption on the membrane P (AA-VP) and (P (AMPS-AM)) nanogels [ 286 , 287 ] Antifouling and antibacterial membrane surface poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate -co- 2-aminoethyl methacrylate) nanogels by cross-linking of eugenol-modified chitosan [ 288 ] Antifouling and antimicrobial surface coatings Peptide-loaded poly (ethyl acrylate -co- methacrylic acid) nanogels [ 290 ] ...…”

Zwitterionic Nanogels and Microgels: An Overview on Their Synthesis and Applications

“…Because of the washing‐off of the zwitterionic polymers from the hydrophobic surfaces due to their poor miscibility, recently, Huang and co‐workers designed the semi‐interpenetrating polymer networked (SIPN) zwitterionic microgels composed of PSB zwitterionic polymers and hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone) (PES) matrix in a one‐pot dispersion polymerization technique. [ 120 ] First, a PSB/PES microgel was synthesized at 100 °C for 24 h in the presence of AIBN thermal initiator and BIS cross‐linker in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent and then the resulting microgel dispersion was blended with freshly prepared PES polymer matrix to prepare the casting solution (see Figure a). The rough surface of the pristine PES membrane surface (AB‐0) with a lot of interconnected voids (see Figure 5b) became less visible when steady incorporation of PSB/PES zwitterionic microgels occurred by the casting with additional PES matrices (see Figure 5c,d,e).…”

“…f,g) Zwitterionic microgels cast from PSBMA/PES solution without blending of PES solution (scale bar 20 and 1 µm, respectively). Reproduced with permission [120]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.…”

“…Quantification of the biomass and thickness of the biofilms for AB-0, AB-47, AB-64, and AB-78 surfaces, respectively underflow condition e) E. coli bacteria and f) S. aureus bacteria, where AB-0, AB-47, AB-64, and AB-78 denote the weight ratio (in %) of the zwitterionic PSB/PES microgel in the surface. Reproduced with permission [120]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.…”