Neue Untersuchungen an Secale africanumStapf

Schiemann, Elisabeth; Nürnberg-Krüger, Ursula

doi:10.1007/bf00624324

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Further, the high amount of explained genetic variation of the S5 locus indicated that the lack of fertility was mainly dependent on self-incompatibility and not on chromosomal abnormalities and the additional QTLs we detected could also be additional self-incompatibility loci. For the identification of reasons for fertility other than self-incompatibility, additional studies of pollen vitality or germination, as done in early studies [12], could also help to better assess non-fertility. In this study, (extremely) sterile plants could also be caused by pollen sterility instead of self-incompatibility that we did not investigate.…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crossing barriers between S. cereale and S. strictum were the main reason for the low fertility and cytological studies of pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed abnormalities. In metaphase I (or anaphase) of the PMCs, where the sister chromatids usually pair together (= seven bivalents), often a multivalent of six chromatids (= three chromosomes in ring or line formation) plus four bivalents (= four chromosomes) was found and this indicated (two) translocations on the three multivalent-forming chromosomes (Figure 1a) [12][13][14][15][16]. [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With low frequency, even more chromosomal constitutions could be identified in the progenies [12][13][14]16], however, some of the results had to be questioned [17] because S. strictum accessions that were used showed multivalents also for plants of wild S. strictum, which was in disagreement with the other authors listed before. The phenomenon of multivalent formations and explanations for the different constitutions were best described in Stutz [18] and Dierks and Reimann-Philipp [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the arbitrary segregation of the chromosomes of the multivalent was considered, Dierks and Reimann-Philipp [19] calculated that functional chromosomal constitutions could be expected in 25 percent of the cases only. Additional fertility problems of S. strictum and potential fertile abnormal chromosomal constitutions may had influenced this theoretical ratio in a way that fertility assessment of microgametes (pollen) and macrogametes (kernels/inflorescences) often exceeded the theoretical expectation calculated from chromosomal segregation ratios [12,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perennial Rye: Genetics of Perenniality and Limited Fertility

Gruner

Miedaner

2021

Plants

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Perenniality, the ability of plants to regrow after seed set, could be introgressed into cultivated rye by crossing with the wild relative and perennial Secale strictum. However, studies in the past showed that Secale cereale × Secale strictum-derived cultivars were also characterized by reduced fertility what was related to so called chromosomal multivalents, bulks of chromosomes that paired together in metaphase I of pollen mother cells instead of only two chromosomes (bivalents). Those multivalents could be caused by ancient translocations that occurred between both species. Genetic studies on perennial rye are quite old and especially the advent of molecular markers and genome sequencing paved the way for new insights and more comprehensive studies. After a brief review of the past research, we used a basic QTL mapping approach to analyze the genetic status of perennial rye. We could show that for the trait perennation 0.74 of the genetic variance in our population was explained by additively inherited QTLs on chromosome 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R and 7R. Fertility on the other hand was with 0.64 of explained genetic variance mainly attributed to a locus on chromosome 5R, what was most probably the self-incompatibility locus S5. Additionally, we could trace the Z locus on chromosome 2R by high segregation distortion of markers. Indications for chromosomal co-segregation, like multivalents, could not be found. This study opens new possibilities to use perennial rye as genetic resource and for alternative breeding methods, as well as a valuable resource for comparative studies of perennation across different species.

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Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perennial Rye: Genetics of Perenniality and Limited Fertility

Gruner

Miedaner

2021

Plants

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“…Наиболыпиеспоры до сих пор вызывает проблема о механизмах и эволюционном пути образования 5. cereale из 5. monianum. Из цитогенетических исследований известно (Khush, Slebbins, 1961;Nürnberg-Kriiger, 1960а;Riley, 1955;Schiemann, Nürnberg-Krüger, 1952;Stutz, 1957), что 5. cereale s. 1. отличается от S. топtanurn s. 1. двумя реципрокными транслокациями сегментов трех хромосом. Это указывает на то, что S. cereale не может происходить непосредственно от S. montanurn.…”

Section: результатыunclassified

Эволюционная Изменчивость Ферментов И Филогенетические Взаимосвязи В Роде Secale L.

Jaaska¹

1975

Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Bio

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Cytogenetic and Evolutionary Studies in Secale. I. Some New Data on the Ancestry of S. Cereale

Khush

Stebbins

1961

American J of Botany

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Khush, G. S., and G. L. Stebbins. (U. California, Davis.) Cytogenetic and evolutionary studies in Secale. I. Some new data on the ancestry of S. cereale. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(8): 723–730. Illus. 1961.—Cultivated rye, Secale cereale, was crossed with all 4 wild species of the genus. It crosses readily with S. montanum, S. africanum, and S. vavilovii, but crossability of S. cereale and S. silvestre is extremely low. Meiosis in the hybrid S. cereale × silvestre is characterized by high frequency of univalents at metaphase I, reduced chiasma frequency at metaphase I, high frequency of PMC's with unequal separations and laggards at anaphase I and II, high frequency of microspores with micronuclei, and extremely low pollen fertility. These abnormalities occurred less frequently in other hybrids, and consequently the pollen fertility is fairly high: 19.1% in the hybrid S. cereale × vavilovii and 31.3% and 31.8%, respectively, in the hybrids S. cereale × montanum and S. cereale × africanum. An interesting cytogenetic feature of all these hybrids, however, was the formation of a translocation configuration of 6 chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis. In the hybrid, S. cereale × silvestre, a translocation configuration of 8 chromosomes was observed in a few cells. It is evident, therefore, that the genome of S. cereale differs from the genomes of wild species by 2 translocations. Another small translocation may differentiate S. cereale and S. silvestre, in addition. Thus, on the basis of chromosome arrangements, no particular wild species is most likely to be ancestral to S. cereale. Similarly, Stutz's hypothesis of hybrid origin of S. cereale seems highly improbable. After considering ecological preferences, breeding habits, geographical distribution, morphological and cytological affinities of wild species and cultivated rye, it is concluded that S. cereale evolved from S. montanum as a result of progressive cytological and morphological differentiation and that this differentiation was facilitated, probably, by adaptive superiority of translocation heterozygotes and rearrangement homozygotes.

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Neue Untersuchungen an Secale africanumStapf

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Perennial Rye: Genetics of Perenniality and Limited Fertility

Perennial Rye: Genetics of Perenniality and Limited Fertility

Эволюционная Изменчивость Ферментов И Филогенетические Взаимосвязи В Роде Secale L.

Cytogenetic and Evolutionary Studies in Secale. I. Some New Data on the Ancestry of S. Cereale

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