Neuisolierung von Clostridium aceticum Wieringa und stoffwechselphysiologische Untersuchungen

Ghazzawi, E. El

doi:10.1007/bf00405762

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… ( A ) Jan Remmer Andreesen, who in 1970 validated the isolation of the third acetogen, Clostridium formicoaceticum 17,18 . ( B ) C .…”

Section: The Discoverers Of Acetogens and Acetogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 This spore-forming, mesophilic bacterium was isolated from sewage sludge and produced both formate and acetate during glucosedependent fermentation. 17,18 In addition, C. formicoaceticum possesses other diverse metabolic potentials including the ability to (1) fix dinitrogen gas, (2) utilize the reductant derived from the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde groups for growth and acetate synthesis, and (3) dissimilate fumarate to acetate and succinate without engaging the acetyl-CoA pathway. [19][20][21][22] Surprisingly, with all of its metabolic capabilities relative to carbon and reductant flow, C. formicoaceticum is unable to grow at the expense of H 2 -CO 2 .…”

Section: Treponema Primitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Old Acetogens, New Light

Drake

Gößner

Daniel

2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

526

412

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Acetogens utilize the acetyl-CoA Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as a terminal electron-accepting, energy-conserving, CO(2)-fixing process. The decades of research to resolve the enzymology of this pathway (1) preceded studies demonstrating that acetogens not only harbor a novel CO(2)-fixing pathway, but are also ecologically important, and (2) overshadowed the novel microbiological discoveries of acetogens and acetogenesis. The first acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium aceticum, was reported by Klaas Tammo Wieringa in 1936, but was subsequently lost. The second acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium thermoaceticum, was isolated by Francis Ephraim Fontaine and co-workers in 1942. C. thermoaceticum became the most extensively studied acetogen and was used to resolve the enzymology of the acetyl-CoA pathway in the laboratories of Harland Goff Wood and Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl. Although acetogenesis initially intrigued few scientists, this novel process fostered several scientific milestones, including the first (14)C-tracer studies in biology and the discovery that tungsten is a biologically active metal. The acetyl-CoA pathway is now recognized as a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and essential to the metabolic potentials of many different prokaryotes. The acetyl-CoA pathway and variants thereof appear to be important to primary production in certain habitats and may have been the first autotrophic process on earth and important to the evolution of life. The purpose of this article is to (1) pay tribute to those who discovered acetogens and acetogenesis, and to those who resolved the acetyl-CoA pathway, and (2) highlight the ecology and physiology of acetogens within the framework of their scientific roots.

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“… ( A ) Jan Remmer Andreesen, who in 1970 validated the isolation of the third acetogen, Clostridium formicoaceticum 17,18 . ( B ) C .…”

Section: The Discoverers Of Acetogens and Acetogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treponema Primitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Acetogens, New Light

Drake

Gößner

Daniel

2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

526

412

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“…Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria possess a formate-hydrogen lyase enzyme system that catalyzes the reversible conversion of formate to H 2 plus CO 2 [4,29]. Formate is also known to be a product when homoacetogenic bacteria are grown on hexoses, for example, Clostridium aceticum [16], Clostridium formicoaceticum, [1] and Peptostreptococcus productus [27]. Formate instead of H 2 is often produced when syntrophic bacteria grow on organic acids and alcohols, and then replaces H 2 in the so-called interspecies-formate-transfer to methanogenic archaea [5,13,34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Production of Formate During Chemolithotrophic Growth of Anaerobic Microorganisms on Hydrogen

1999

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The homoacetogenic bacteria Acetobacterium woodii, A. carbinolicum, Sporomusa ovata, and Eubacterium limosum, the methanogenic archaeon Methanobacterium formicicum, and the sulfatereducing bacterium Desulfotomaculum orientis all produced formate as an intermediate when they were growing chemolithoautotrophically with H 2 and CO 2 as sources of energy, electrons, and carbon. The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris grew chemolithoheterotrophically with H 2 and CO 2 using acetate as carbon source, but also produced formate when growth was limited by sulfate. All these bacteria were also able to grow on formate as energy source. Formate accumulated transiently while H 2 was consumed. The maximum formate concentrations measured in cultures of A. woodii and A. carbinolicum were proportional to the initial H 2 partial pressure, giving a ratio of about 0.5 mM formate per 10 kPa H 2 . The methanogen Methanobacterium bryantii, on the other hand, was unable to grow on formate and did not produce formate during chemolithoautotrophic growth on H 2 . The results indicate that the ability to utilize formate, that is, to possess a formate dehydrogenase, was the precondition for the production of formate during chemolithotrophic growth on H 2 .Formate is a typical product of mixed acid fermentation in enterobacteria and is formed by the pyruvate formate lyase [19]. Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria possess a formate-hydrogen lyase enzyme system that catalyzes the reversible conversion of formate to H 2 plus CO 2 [4,29]. Formate is also known to be a product when homoacetogenic bacteria are grown on hexoses, for example, Clostridium aceticum [16], Clostridium formicoaceticum, [1] and Peptostreptococcus productus [27]. Formate instead of H 2 is often produced when syntrophic bacteria grow on organic acids and alcohols, and then replaces H 2 in the so-called interspecies-formate-transfer to methanogenic archaea [5,13,34]. Many methanogenic archaea are able to utilize formate. They apparently route the formate into the metabolism via a formate-hydrogen lyase system consisting of formate dehydrogenase and hydrogenase [2,38]. Indeed, these methanogens were shown to produce formate from H 2 /CO 2 and, vice versa, H 2 from formate [3,38]. In digestive tracts in which significant activities of homoacetogenic formation of acetate from H 2 and CO 2 were detected, an H 2 -dependent formation of formate was also found [7,11,26,28]. Elevated H 2 concentrations in anoxic sediments and paddy soil give rise to elevated formate concentrations [9,10,25]. There is also a rapid isotopic exchange between formate and CO 2 [10]. Hence, one may hypothesize that anaerobic chemolithotrophic bacteria that are able to utilize alternatively H 2 /CO 2 or formate may be responsible for the formate production from H 2 /CO 2 observed in anoxic environments. Therefore, we systematically tested different anaerobic bacteria, that is, homoacetogens, sulfate reducers, and methanogens, that were able to grow on formate and on H 2 /CO 2 to determ...

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“…The microorganism responsible for this conversion, according to the reaction: 4 H 2 + 2 CO 2 -+ CH3COOH + 2 H20 [6] was isolated and named Clostridium aceticum [7]. The organism was lost but a related bacterium was later isolated by E1 Ghazzawi [8] and named C/. formieo-aceticum [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of acetate from CO2 in the cecum of some rodents

Prins

1977

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Neuisolierung von Clostridium aceticum Wieringa und stoffwechselphysiologische Untersuchungen

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Old Acetogens, New Light

Old Acetogens, New Light

Transient Production of Formate During Chemolithotrophic Growth of Anaerobic Microorganisms on Hydrogen

Synthesis of acetate from CO2 in the cecum of some rodents

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