Neural and Cognitive Predictors of Stimulant Treatment Efficacy in Medication-Naïve ADHD Adults: A Pilot Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Hung, Yuwen; Green, Allison; Kelberman, Caroline; Gaillard, Schuyler; Capella, James; Rudberg, Nicole; Gabrieli, John D. E.; Biederman, Joseph; Uchida, Mai

doi:10.1177/10870547231222261

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Although all included patients in the present study were clinical responders to CS treatment as evaluated by clinician- and patient-rated clinical global impression–improvement (CGI-I), our results from this study indicate that cognitive control mode might also be a potential predictor of CS response in clinical the setting. In a more recent paper Hung et al, 2024 reported that striatal structural connectivity and higher pre-treatment working memory scores were correlated with greater response to CS medication in patients with ADHD ( Hung et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical and dimensional aspects of stimulant medication effects in adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls

Thunberg,

Reingardt,

Rode

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Psychiatric disorders are categorized on the basis of presence and absence of diagnostic criteria using classification systems such as the international classification of diseases (ICD) and the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM). The research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative provides an alternative dimensional framework for conceptualizing mental disorders. In the present paper, we studied neural and behavioral effects of central stimulant (CS) medication in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls using categorical and dimensional stratifications. AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) was utilized for the later purpose, and participants were classified as “reactive” or “proactive” based on their baseline proactive behavioral index (PBI). Out of the 65 individuals who participated (33 healthy controls and 32 patients with ADHD), 53 were included in the final analysis that consisted of 31 healthy controls and 22 ADHD patients. For the dimensional stratification, a median split of PBI scores divided participants into “reactive” and “proactive” groups irrespective of whether they had ADHD or not. Participants performed AX-CPT in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after CS medication. We found no significant within or between group CS effect when participants were categorically assigned as healthy controls and ADHD patients. For the dimensional stratification, however, CS selectively increased activation in frontoparietal cognitive areas and induced a shift towards proactive control mode in the reactive group, without significantly affecting the proactive group. In conclusion, the neural and behavioral effects of CS were more clear-cut when participants were stratified into dimensional groups rather than diagnostic categories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%