Neural Bases of Executive Function in ADHD Children as Assessed Using fNIRS

Ikeda, Takahiro; Inoue, Akari; Nagashima-Kawada, Masako; Tokuda, Tatsuya; Yamagata, Takanori; Dan, Ippeita; Monden, Yukifumi

doi:10.2174/9789815040678122100006

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“…For sustained attentional control, the dysregulation was the greatest in lateral areas of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while for transient aspects of attentional control it was greatest in medial regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, using a fNIRS-based method, Ikeda et al (2022) found robustly lower hemodynamic responses in the right prefrontal cortex during an inhibition task (a go/no-go task) in children with ADHD in comparison to controls. According to Castellanos and Proal (2012) as well as Makris et al (2009) , in ADHD, we can observe disturbed connectivity within and among several neural networks, rather than abnormalities of discrete, isolated brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attention deficit in primary-school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder measured with the attention network test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bieleninik,

Gradys,

Dzhambov

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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ObjectiveTo review and meta-analyze patterns of attention deficit in primary-school-age children with ADHD measured with the neuropsychological attention network test (ANT).MethodsSix electronic databases were searched to 5.05.2022. Selection criteria included prospective cohort and intervention studies; ANT used; primary-school-age; diagnosis of ADHD/at high risk.ResultsSeven studies met inclusion criteria (N = 3,826). Compared with controls, children with ADHD had higher scores for Reaction Time (Hedges’ g = 0.433; 95% CI: 0.135–0.731), Reaction Time Variability (Hedges’ g = 0.334; 95% CI: 0.012–0.657), and Alerting Network (Hedges’ g = 0.235; 95% CI: 0.021–0.449) while children at high risk had higher Alerting Network scores (Hedges’ g = 0.176; 95% CI: 0.003–0.349) and Correctness scores (Hedges’ g = 1.956; 95% CI: 0.020–3.892).ConclusionsChildren with ADHD and at risk of ADHD had different ANT results from children without ADHD only for the alerting network. There were no significant differences for executive and orienting outcomes. Children at risk of ADHD also made more errors (commission and omission) measured with the ANT compared with children without ADHD. Reaction time was longer and reaction time variability higher in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD, and in children at risk of ADHD compared with children without ADHD.PreregistrationA protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (registration number: CRD42021249768).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%