Neural basis of individualistic and collectivistic views of self

Chiao, Joan Y.; Harada, Tokiko; Komeda, Hidetsugu; Li, Zhang; Mano, Yoko; Saito, Daisuke N.; Parrish, Todd B.; Sadato, Norihiro; Iidaka, Tetsuya

doi:10.1002/hbm.20707

Cited by 228 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar modulations of vmPFC activity have also be seen between Chinese students in America who have become less interdependent since arriving compared to those who became more interdependent (Chen, Wagner, Kelley, & Heatherton, 2015). In addition, Chiao et al (2009) showed that across cultures those with a more independent view of the self showed greater mPFC when thinking about general self-traits, e.g. ''I am truthful'', while those with an interdependent view of the self showed greater mPFC when thinking about contextual self-traits, e.g.…”

Section: Conceptual Selfmentioning

confidence: 55%

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Farmer

Maister

2017

Soc Just Res

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The self is one the most important concepts in social cognition and plays a crucial role in determining questions such as which social groups we view ourselves as belonging to and how we relate to others. In the past decade, the self has also become an important topic within cognitive neuroscience with an explosion in the number of studies seeking to understand how different aspects of the self are represented within the brain. In this paper, we first outline the recent research on the neurocognitive basis of the self and highlight a key distinction between two forms of self-representation. The first is the ''bodily'' self, which is thought to be the basis of subjective experience and is grounded in the processing of sensorimotor signals. The second is the ''conceptual'' self, which develops through our interactions of other and is formed of a rich network of associative and semantic information. We then investigate how both the bodily and conceptual self are related to social cognition with an emphasis on how self-representations are involved in the processing and creation of prejudice. We then highlight new research demonstrating that the bodily and conceptual self are both malleable and that this malleability can be harnessed in order to achieve a reduction in social prejudice. In particular, we will outline strong evidence that modulating people's perceptions of the bodily self can lead to changes in attitudes at the conceptual level. We will highlight a series of studies demonstrating that social attitudes towards various social out-groups (e.g. racial groups) can lead to a reduction in prejudice towards that group. Finally, we seek to place these findings in a broader social context by considering how innovations in virtual reality technology can allow experiences of taking on another's identity are likely to become both more commonplace and more convincing in the future and the various opportunities and risks associated with using such technology to reduce prejudice.

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Section: Conceptual Selfmentioning

confidence: 55%

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Farmer

Maister

2017

Soc Just Res

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“…Given the previous studies done by cultural neuropsychologists, culture and human brain influence and construct each other through continuous interactions [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interactions between the cultural background, education, and brain development have become one of the most important ideas in the field of cultural neuropsychology and educational psychology. This idea proposes that the human brain is not completely determined by genetic factors, and can be changed by external cultural and educational factors [1][2][3]; on the other hand, it suggests that our cultural backgrounds and learning processes can also be affected by the results of neural level processes [4]. Thus, it may be wise to examine the relations and interactions between these factors to have a better understanding of our socio-cultural behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Han

Glover

Jeong

2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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Highlights: We compared the neural substrate of moral functioning between Koreans and Americans.  Koreans showed increased activity in the putamen, DLPFC, and postcentral sulcus.  Americans showed increased activity in the ACC and FPC.  Results support the idea of interactions between culture, education, and brain. These findings support the ideas of the interactions between the cultural background, education, and brain development, proposed in the field of cultural psychology and educational psychology.The study introduces educational implications relevant to moral psychologists and educators.4

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“…In their classic paper, Markus and Kitiyama (1991) suggested that individual concepts of self, or self-construals, vary across cultures (for review, see Markus and Kitiyama, 1999;Cross et al, 2011;Chiao et al, 2009;Han and Northoff, 2009). Specifically, Markus and Kitiyama (1991) reported that, in collectivist cultures, individuals tend to adopt an interdependent self-construal that includes relationships with others, whereas in individualist cultures, individuals tend to adopt an independent self-construal that does not include relationships with others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Cross et al, 2011). While much early work was performed in the cross-cultural context, it has also become evident that different forms of self-construal are represented within an individual and within a culture, and that situational determinants can activate one or the other form (Brewer and Gardner, 1996;Chiao et al, 2009;Cross et al, 2011). This allows for experimental priming of self-construal and for studying how different forms of self-construal affect behavior and brain activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonating with Others: The Effects of Self-Construal Type on Motor Cortical Output

Obhi¹,

Hogeveen²,

Pascual‐Leone³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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"Self-construal" refers to how individuals view and make meaning of the self, and at least two subtypes have been identified. Interdependent self-construal is a view of the self that includes relationships with others, and independent self-construal is a view of the self that does not include relations with others. It has been suggested that priming these two types of self-construal affects the cognitive processing style that an individual adopts, especially with regard to context sensitivity. Specifically, an interdependent self-construal is thought to promote attention to others and social context to a greater degree than an independent self-construal. To investigate this assertion, we elicited motor-evoked potentials with transcranial magnetic stimulation during an action observation task in which human participants were presented with either interdependent or independent self-construal prime words. Priming interdependent self-construal increased motor cortical output whereas priming independent self-construal did not, compared with a no-priming baseline condition. These effects, likely mediated by changes in the mirror system, essentially tune the individual to, or shield the individual from, social input. Interestingly, the pattern of these self-construal-induced changes in the motor system corroborates with previously observed selfconstrual effects on overt behavioral mimicry in social settings, and as such, our results provide strong evidence that motor resonance likely mediates nonconscious mimicry in social settings. Finally, these self-construal effects may lead to the development of interventions for disorders of deficient or excessive social influence, like certain autism spectrum and compulsive imitative disorders.

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Neural basis of individualistic and collectivistic views of self

Cited by 228 publications

References 22 publications

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Resonating with Others: The Effects of Self-Construal Type on Motor Cortical Output

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