Neural circuit plasticity underlying learning and memory in Drosophila melanogaster: from synaptic connections to behavior

Rachad, El Yazid

doi:10.53846/goediss-9845

Cited by 3 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…While model circuits 3-5 fulfill the criteria for SOC, they differ in their robustness to reward generalization and variations of their parameters. Model 2, which relies on feed-forward input of KCs to the DAN, emerges as a promising candidate, in addition to the circuits that are already being explored [3, 4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a single MBON (MBON- α ’2) innervating the α ’/ β ’-lobes seems to play a similar role in these lobes [4]. In summary, all of these works demonstrate the importance of MBON output pathways [2–4] and seem to suggest MBON>DAN feedback as a candidate mechanism for SOC. For the sake of completeness, it has to be stated that each experiment targeted specific pathways and can not rule out the presence of different circuit motifs for SOC in other compartments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circuit for the disinhibition of the DAN during SOC is closely related to the motif implemented in our model 4, which performs well at SOC but appears not to be very robust to reward generalization onto novel odors. Likewise, in an aversive conditioning paradigm, it was demonstrated that the output of a particular MBON, innervating the γ -lobe (MBON- γ 1), is required during the SOC phase of the experiment to induce a learned valence of the second odor [4]. Similarly, a single MBON (MBON- α ’2) innervating the α ’/ β ’-lobes seems to play a similar role in these lobes [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Drosophila , it has been shown that either an inherently punishing or rewarding stimulus (electric shock, sugar) [1, 3, 4] or direct optogenetic activation of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) [3] can be utilized to deliver a reinforcement signal during FOC phase of such experiments to establish second-order memory later. Experiments in Drosophila have suggested that stimulus 1 itself causes activation of DANs or enhances it after being paired with reinforcement [3, 4, 43, 44]. This aligns with the analogous finding that DANs in the ventral tegmental of vertebrates respond to learned cues that predict upcoming reward [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During FOC, DANs are activated directly by the reinforcer (Figure 1 A). Following this conditioning procedure, stimulus 1 seems to indirectly activate the DANs during SOC (Figure 1 C, [3, 4, 44]). The strength of the behaviorally expressed stimulus 1 and stimulus 2 valence after SOC can be similarly strong [1, 3] or weaker [3, 4] for stimulus 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

Jürgensen,

Schmitt,

Nawrot

2023

Preprint

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In well-established first-order conditioning experiments, the concurrence of a sensory cue with reinforcement forms an association, allowing the cue to predict future reinforcement. Once a sensory cue is established as a predictor, it can also serve as indirect reinforcement, a phenomenon referred to as second-order conditioning. In the insect mushroom body, such associations are encoded in the plasticity of the synapses between the intrinsic and output neurons of the mushroom body, a process mediated by the activity of dopaminergic neurons that encode reinforcement signals. In second-order conditioning, a new sensory cue is paired with an already established one that presumably activates dopaminergic neurons due to its predictive power of the reinforcement. We explore minimal circuit motifs in the mushroom body for their ability to support second-order conditioning. We found that dopaminergic neurons can either be activated directly by the mushroom body’s intrinsic neurons or via feedback from the output neurons via several pathways. We demonstrate that the circuit motifs differ in their computational efficiency and robustness and suggest a particular motif that relies on feedforward input of the mushroom body intrinsic neurons to dopaminergic neurons as a promising additional candidate for experimental evaluation. It differentiates well between trained and novel stimuli, demonstrating robust performance across a range of model parameters.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

Jürgensen,

Schmitt,

Nawrot

2023

Preprint

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Prediction error drives associative learning and conditioned behavior in a spiking model of Drosophila larva

Jürgensen,

Sakagiannis,

Schleyer

et al. 2024

iScience

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Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

Jürgensen,

Schmitt,

Nawrot

2024

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In well-established first-order conditioning experiments, the concurrence of a sensory cue with reinforcement forms an association, allowing the cue to predict future reinforcement. In the insect mushroom body, a brain region central to learning and memory, such associations are encoded in the synapses between its intrinsic and output neurons. This process is mediated by the activity of dopaminergic neurons that encode reinforcement signals. In second-order conditioning, a new sensory cue is paired with an already established one that presumably activates dopaminergic neurons due to its predictive power of the reinforcement. We explored minimal circuit motifs in the mushroom body for their ability to support second-order conditioning using mechanistic models. We found that dopaminergic neurons can either be activated directly by the mushroom body’s intrinsic neurons or via feedback from the output neurons via several pathways. We demonstrated that the circuit motifs differ in their computational efficiency and robustness. Beyond previous research, we suggest an additional motif that relies on feedforward input of the mushroom body intrinsic neurons to dopaminergic neurons as a promising candidate for experimental evaluation. It differentiates well between trained and novel stimuli, demonstrating robust performance across a range of model parameters.

show abstract

Neural circuit plasticity underlying learning and memory in Drosophila melanogaster: from synaptic connections to behavior

Cited by 3 publications

References 221 publications

Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

Prediction error drives associative learning and conditioned behavior in a spiking model of Drosophila larva

Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

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