Neural Coding of Signal Duration and Complex Acoustic Objects

Faure, Paul; Firzlaff, Uwe

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3527-7_7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The neural mechanisms underlying this remarkable perceptual feat are topics of great scientific and technological interest (Ballieri et al 2017 ). A variety of invasive electrophysiological techniques has been employed to decipher the neural bases of echolocation in bats, including auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), local field potentials, intracellular and extracellular recordings from single or multiple neurons, and iontophoresis of neuropharmacological agents (reviews: Pollak and Casseday 2012 ; Faure and Firzlaff 2016 ; Pollak 2016 ). Newer methods, including multiple-electrode arrays for recording extracellular activity in stationary (Luo et al 2019 ) and free-flying bats (Kothari et al 2018 ), and calcium imaging combined with extracellular multiple neuron recordings (Simmons et al 2020 ), have been introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

2022

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We introduce two EEG techniques, one based on conventional monopolar electrodes and one based on a novel tripolar electrode, to record for the first time auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from the scalp of unanesthetized, unrestrained big brown bats. Stimuli were frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps varying in sweep direction, sweep duration, and harmonic structure. As expected from previous invasive ABR recordings, upward-sweeping FM signals evoked larger amplitude responses (peak-to-trough amplitude in the latency range of 3–5 ms post-stimulus onset) than downward-sweeping FM signals. Scalp-recorded responses displayed amplitude-latency trading effects as expected from invasive recordings. These two findings validate the reliability of our noninvasive recording techniques. The feasibility of recording noninvasively in unanesthetized, unrestrained bats will energize future research uncovering electrophysiological signatures of perceptual and cognitive processing of biosonar signals in these animals, and allows for better comparison with ABR data from echolocating cetaceans, where invasive experiments are heavily restricted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

2022

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“…Big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus ) exhibit extreme sensitivity for detecting microsecond or even smaller changes in echo delay and phase (Simmons et al 2003; Bates and Simmons 2011; Simmons 2014). This acute timing perception has important technological implications (Balieri et al 2017), prompting efforts to identify neurobiological underpinnings and develop computational models of FM echolocation (Covey and Casseday 1995, 1999; Sanderson et al 2003; Covey 2005; Simmons 2012, 2014; Faure and Firzlaff 2016; Luo et al 2018; Ming et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connexin36 expression in the cochlear nucleus complex of the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus

Accomando

Johnson

McLaughlin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gap junctions and electrical synapses in the central nervous system are associated with rapid temporal processing and coincidence detection. Using histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, we investigated the distribution of Connexin36 (Cx36), a protein that comprises neuronal gap junctions, throughout the cochlear nucleus complex of the echolocating big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, a species exhibiting extreme behavioral sensitivity to minute temporal changes in ultrasonic echoes. For comparison, we visualized Cx36 expression in the cochlear nucleus of transgenic Cx36 reporter mice, species that hear ultrasound but do not echolocate. We observed Cx36 expression in the anteroventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus, with more limited expression in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, of both species. Several different morphological cell types were labeled, including globular and spherical bushy, octopus, stellate, and fusiform cells. Labeled Cx36 puncta were also observed. Cx36 expression in the bat was spread throughout a relatively smaller area of the cochlear nucleus than in the mouse, even though the bat cochlear nucleus is hypertrophied. In the bat, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus showed higher percent area label than the dorsal cochlear nucleus, with a trend towards the opposite result in the mouse. The presence of gap junctions appears to be a conserved feature of the mammalian cochlear nucleus and thus not uniquely tied to the temporal hyperacuity of echolocation.

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“…The neural mechanisms underlying this remarkable perceptual feat are topics of great scientific and technological interest (Ballieri et al 2017). A variety of invasive electrophysiological techniques have been employed to decipher the neural bases of echolocation in bats, including auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), local field potentials, intracellular and extracellular recordings from single or multiple neurons, and iontophoresis of neuropharmacological agents (reviews: Pollak and Casseday 2012; Faure and Firzlaff 2016; Pollak 2016). Newer methods, including multiple-electrode arrays for recording extracellular activity in stationary (Luo et al 2019) and free-flying bats (Kothari et al 2018), and calcium imaging combined with extracellular multiple neuron recordings (Simmons et al 2020), have been introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

Simmons

Tuninetti

Yeoh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We introduce two EEG techniques, one based on conventional monopolar electrodes and one based on a novel tripolar electrode, to record for the first time auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from the scalp of unanesthetized, unrestrained big brown bats. Stimuli were frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps varying in sweep direction, sweep duration, and harmonic structure. As expected from previous invasive ABR recordings, upward-sweeping FM signals evoked larger amplitude responses (peak-to-trough amplitude in the latency range of 3-5 ms post-stimulus onset) than downward-sweeping FM signals. Scalp-recorded responses displayed amplitude-latency trading effects as expected from invasive recordings. These two findings validate the reliability of our noninvasive recording techniques. The feasibility of recording noninvasively in unanesthetized, unrestrained bats will energize future research uncovering electrophysological signatures of perceptual and cognitive processing of biosonar signals in these animals, and allows for better comparison with ABR data from echolocating cetaceans, where invasive experiments are heavily restricted. Because experiments can be repeated in the same animal over time without confounds of stress or anesthesia, our technique requires fewer captures of wild bats, thus helping to preserve natural populations and addressing the goal of reducing animal numbers used for research purposes.

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Neural Coding of Signal Duration and Complex Acoustic Objects

Cited by 4 publications

References 105 publications

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

Connexin36 expression in the cochlear nucleus complex of the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus

Non-invasive auditory brainstem responses to FM sweeps in awake big brown bats

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