Neural conduction and excitability following a simple warm up

Pearce, Alan J.; Rowe, Grant; Whyte, Douglas G.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.001

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There are a number of TMS‐dependent measures that can be obtained to understand corticospinal excitability and inhibition. These include: (i) motor threshold (MT), defined as the lowest stimulus intensity to lowest stimulus intensity to produce a detectable MEP; (ii) central motor conduction time, being the latency period difference between stimulation of the motor cortex and stimulation of cervical nerves to the onset of the MEP; (iii) the MEP waveform, reflecting the excitability of the motor cortex, corticospinal tract, and motor units in the target muscle; and (iv) cortical inhibition, quantified as absent electromyography (EMG) from 50 to 300 ms following the MEP, and known as the cortical silent period (cSP). Measured from the onset of the MEP to the return of uninterrupted EMG activity, the initial 50 ms of the cSP is thought to reflect spinal inhibitory mechanisms, and the remaining duration (> 50 ms) due to intracortical inhibitory mechanisms mediated by GABA type b receptor (GABA B R) activity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: A systematic review

Major

Rogers

Pearce

2015

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and sports concussion are a growing public health concern, with increasing demands for more rigorous methods to quantify changes in the brain post-injury. Electrophysiology, and in particular, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been demonstrated to provide prognostic value in a range of neurological conditions; however, no review has quantified the efficacy of TMS in mTBI/concussion. In the present study, we present a systematic review and critical evaluation of the scientific literature from 1990 to 2014 that has used TMS to investigate corticomotor excitability responses at short-term (< 12 months), medium-term (1-5 years), and long-term (> 5 years) post-mTBI/concussion. Thirteen studies met the selection criteria, with six studies presenting short-term changes, five studies presenting medium-term changes, and two studies presenting long-term changes. Irrespective of time post-concussion, change in intracortical inhibition was the most reported observation. Other findings included increased stimulation threshold, and slowed neurological conduction time. Although currently limited, the data suggest that TMS has prognostic value in detecting neurophysiological changes post-mTBI/concussion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: A systematic review

Major

Rogers

Pearce

2015

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…Several authors confirm that warm-up helps to achieve the quicker spread of the nerve impulse [5]. Pearce et al [7] demonstrate that the improvement of neuromuscular electrical conduction has been caused by the better electrical conduction of contractile apparatus and muscle fibers. The electrical conduction increases during warm-up in both active and passive skeletal muscles [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pearce et al [7] demonstrate that the improvement of neuromuscular electrical conduction has been caused by the better electrical conduction of contractile apparatus and muscle fibers. The electrical conduction increases during warm-up in both active and passive skeletal muscles [7]. Our results are not in full accordance with abovementioned findings, because we did not find significant changes of LATc immediately after stretching on both examination days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effects of warm-up, static and dynamic stretching exercises on biceps brachii muscle function in female basketball players

Veevo¹,

Ereline²,

Riso³

et al. 2012

AKUT

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Static and dynamic stretching exercises are often used in sports before competition and training sessions. Recent studies have shown different effects of dynamic and static stretching exercises on physical performance capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effect of warm-up, 30 s static and dynamic stretching exercises on biceps brachii muscle function. Nine athletes were examined twice in different days: after performing static and dynamic stretching exercise. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction characteristics were measured using dynamometry; muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness characteristics of biceps brachii muscle were measured using myotonometer Myoton-3. All measurements were performed before and after the warm-up (5-min jogging with self-selected speed), immediately after stretching exercise and after 10 min rest. Warm-up did not cause any changes in the isometric maximal voluntary contraction, strength of elbow flexor muscle as well as in muscle tone and elasticity. Static stretching was effective to increase elasticity of biceps brachii muscle, but did not influence the isometric strength characteristics of elbow flexor muscles. Shortening of isometric contraction latency of elbow flexor muscles after dynamic stretching exercise and increase of strength after 10 min rest were noted. Therefore this type of stretching can be recommended to prepare muscles for explosive maximal exercise.

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“…The mechanism by which a single-session of aerobic exercise modifies response time remains unclear [8]. There are several potentials mechanisms that may contribute to the reduction of MT during aerobic exercise [15,17,45,47,55,56,58]. For example, peripheral physiological changes such as increase in temperature or altered muscle membrane properties could influence the propagation of action potential across the sarcolemma [58].…”

Section: Rt Pmt and Mt During Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, peripheral physiological changes such as increase in temperature or altered muscle membrane properties could influence the propagation of action potential across the sarcolemma [58]. Pearce et al found that 5 min moderate-intensity running reduced muscle conduction time, time to peak twitch, in both the lower and upper limb muscles [47]. Although not directly assessed, it could explain in part why MT decreased with aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Rt Pmt and Mt During Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

What are the Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Fractionated Response Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Alibazi

Kidgell

Zoghi

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Recently, there have been several studies that have examined the acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function. Importantly, one precise indicator of cognitive function is response time (RT), which has two main components; premotor time (PMT) and motor time (MT). PMT is the time for perception, decision making and response preparation, while MT is executing the response. Using fractionated response time (FRT) instead of RT provides a more precise estimate of the location of the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive or motor components of the response. There is emerging evidence that shows an acute bout of exercise may improve FRT. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the acute effect of aerobic exercise on FRT by considering the effects of various cognitive function tests. Fourteen studies were included investigating FRT during and/or after aerobic exercise. The results indicated that during exercise, PMT increased in simple reaction time and decreased in flanker task; MT decreased in choice reaction time; interestingly, RT decreased when it was assessed by choice reaction time and flanker task, almost similar to PMT and MT. After exercise, PMT decreased specifically in flanker and go/no-go tasks. However, MT and RT did not change significantly. In conclusion, as changes in RT are affected by both PMT and MT, FRT provides a more precise estimate of the locus of the effects of aerobic exercise on response time.

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Neural conduction and excitability following a simple warm up

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: A systematic review

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: A systematic review

The acute effects of warm-up, static and dynamic stretching exercises on biceps brachii muscle function in female basketball players

What are the Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Fractionated Response Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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