Neural consolidation and electroconvulsive shock reexamined.

McGaugh, James L.; Petrinovich, Lewis

doi:10.1037/h0023474

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The sites varied in clinical and demographic characteristics(Table1),withsignificantdifferencesinage(F 2,316 =6. 45…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electroconvulsive therapy results in substantial downregulation of the ␤ 2adrenergic receptor, and animal studies have repeatedly shown that enhancement of noradrenergic transmission following ECT ameliorates adverse cognitive effects. 45,46 Thus, it appears that an agent like NT has the capacity to both improve therapeutic outcome and ameliorate cognitive disturbance. The adrenergic effects of VEN are thought to be triggered at higher dosage levels than were generally achieved during the acute ECT phase.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Concomitant Pharmacotherapy on Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcomes

Sackeïm¹,

Dillingham²,

Prudic³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

253

152

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“…The sites varied in clinical and demographic characteristics(Table1),withsignificantdifferencesinage(F 2,316 =6. 45…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concomitant Pharmacotherapy on Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcomes

Sackeïm¹,

Dillingham²,

Prudic³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

253

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The consolidation hypothesis states that, initially, memory is susceptible to disruption or facilitation but becomes stable and resistant to amnesic agents after a discrete period of time (McGaugh and Petrinovich, 1966;Davis and Squire, 1984). This concept was challenged by evidence that memory retrieval can open a new period of instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Hippocampal Nuclear Factor-κB by Retrieval Is Required for Memory Reconsolidation

Boccia¹,

Freudenthal²,

Blake³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Initially, memory is labile and requires consolidation to become stable. However, several studies support that consolidated memories can undergo a new period of lability after retrieval. The mechanistic differences of this process, termed reconsolidation, with the consolidation process are under debate, including the participation of hippocampus. Up to this point, few reports describe molecular changes and, in particular, transcription factor (TF) involvement in memory restabilization. Increasing evidence supports the participation of the TF nuclear factor-B (NF-B) in memory consolidation. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of NF-B after memory reactivation impairs retention of a hippocampal-dependent inhibitory avoidance task in mice. We used two independent disruptive strategies to reach this conclusion. First, we administered intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of IKK (IB kinase), the kinase that activates NF-B. Second, we infused intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal B decoy, a direct inhibitor of NF-B consisting of a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide that contains the B consensus sequence. When injected immediately after memory retrieval, sulfasalazine or B decoy (Decoy) impaired long-term retention. In contrast, a one base mutated B decoy (mDecoy) had no effect. Furthermore, we also found NF-B activation in the hippocampus, with a peak 15 min after memory retrieval. This activation was earlier than that found during consolidation. Together, these results indicate that NF-B is an important transcriptional regulator in memory consolidation and reconsolidation in hippocampus, although the temporal kinetics of activation differs between the two processes.

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“…By contrast, consolidation theory remained highly influential within neuroscientific circles (and amongst biologically-oriented psychologists), stubbornly resisting several challenges during the 1960s (cf. Lewis & Maher, 1965McGaugh & Petrinovich, 1966) and early 1970s (cf. McGaugh & Dawson, 1971; R. R.…”

Section: The Loci Of Forgettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

Hardwicke¹

2017

Preprint

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The human memory system must resolve a critical tension, ensuring that knowledge endures over time (persistence), whilst simultaneously retaining a capacity for updating when knowledge is outdated or erroneous (plasticity). In this thesis, I examine the provocative idea that memory traces can be overwritten with new information, especially during transient periods of retrieval-induced plasticity that occur when a trace undergoes reconsolidation. A systematic review of human reconsolidation studies finds that the evidentiary support for this claim is remarkably tenuous. Furthermore, the theory fails to survive several strong empirical tests. In Experiments 1-7, I do not replicate a previous finding that is widely cited as a convincing demonstration of human reconsolidation. In Experiments 8-10, I revisit the ‘destructive updating’ account of the classic ‘misinformation effect’ in the context of reconsolidation theory. These experiments show that the effect can be eliminated when an appropriate recognition test is used, demonstrating that event traces are not irrecoverably lost, and therefore cannot have been overwritten during reconsolidation. In Experiment 11, I examine whether prior retrieval will help or hinder the correction of naturally occurring semantic misconceptions. Contrary to reconsolidation theory, I find that knowledge updating is not contingent on memory retrieval, nor does it result in the overwriting of prior knowledge.Finally, in the context of media ‘breaking news’ reports (Experiment 12), I find that the provision of an explicit retraction message, coupled with an alternative account with high causal coverage, is insufficient to eliminate reliance on false information. Finally, I contend that the widespread proliferation of ad hoc hypotheses, and the absence of systematic direct replication, has caused the field of reconsolidation to descend into a theoretical quagmire.I make several recommendations based on the principles of open science that may help to restore mechanisms of self-correction and foster genuine theoretical progress.

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Neural consolidation and electroconvulsive shock reexamined.

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Concomitant Pharmacotherapy on Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcomes

Effect of Concomitant Pharmacotherapy on Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcomes

Activation of Hippocampal Nuclear Factor-κB by Retrieval Is Required for Memory Reconsolidation

Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

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