“…Indeed, in calcium imaging studies, fluorescence microendoscopes 30 – 37 have been optimized for monitoring neuronal ensemble activity in various small animals expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs). 38 , 39 State-of-the-art models that satisfy different imaging requirements include nVista (pioneering epifluorescence microscope, weighing 1.8 g and up depending on the unit), 31 UCLA miniScope V4 (pioneering open-source platform; high-resolution achromatic optics and automatic focus, 2.6 g), 36 NINscope (multiregion imaging, 1.6 g), 34 wireless miniScope (untethered, 4.5 g), 32 , 35 and FinchScope (designed for zebrafinch investigations, 1.8 g). 37 These devices show promise and continue to bring mechanistic insights into both functional and dysfunctional activity within various superficial, subcortical, and deep brain regions, including, but not limited to the cortex, 31 subfields of the hippocampus, 32 , 33 the cerebellum, 34 and the striatum.…”