Neural Control of REM Sleep and Motor Atonia: Current Perspectives

Vetrivelan, Ramalingam; Bandaru, Sathyajit Sai

doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01322-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Above all, sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), especially its glutamatergic portion ( Vetrivelan and Bandaru, 2023 ) seem to play a key role in keeping muscle atonia during REM sleep, which was found in many studies ( Torontali et al, 2019 ). Thus, SLD inevitably plays role also in manifestation of sleep paralysis; the muscular paralysis after artificial stimulation of SLD was already proved in experiment ( Torontali et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pontine regions are traditionally related to the REM sleep regulation and maintaining REM sleep atonia ( Park and Weber, 2020 ; Vetrivelan and Bandaru, 2023 ). Studies suggest that the destruction of various pontine regions, such as by a growing tumor in the pontine areas, may lead to the development of narcolepsy accompanied by sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations ( Stahl et al, 1980 ; Pr et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study

Miletínová,

Kliková,

Dostalíková

et al. 2024

Front. Neuroanat.

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IntroductionRecurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement sleep (REM) parasomnia, characterized by the loss of voluntary movements upon sleep onset and/or awakening with preserved consciousness. Evidence suggests microstructural changes of sleep in RISP, although the mechanism of this difference has not been clarified yet. Our research aims to identify potential morphological changes in the brain that can reflect these regulations.Materials and methodsWe recruited 10 participants with RISP (8 women; mean age 24.7 years; SD 2.4) and 10 healthy control subjects (w/o RISP; 3 women; mean age 26.3 years; SD 3.7). They underwent video-polysomnography (vPSG) and sleep macrostructure was analyzed. After that participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We focused on 2-dimensional measurements of cerebellum, pons and thalamus. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS program. After analysis for normality we performed Mann–Whitney U test to compare our data.ResultsWe did not find any statistically significant difference in sleep macrostructure between patients with and w/o RISP. No evidence of other sleep disturbances was found. 2-dimensional MRI measurements revealed statistically significant increase in cerebellar vermis height (p = 0.044) and antero-posterior diameter of midbrain-pons junction (p = 0.018) in RISP compared to w/o RISP.DiscussionOur results suggest increase in size of cerebellum and midbrain-pons junction in RISP. This enlargement could be a sign of an over-compensatory mechanism to otherwise dysfunctional regulatory pathways. Further research should be done to measure these differences in time and with closer respect to the frequency of RISP episodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study

Miletínová,

Kliková,

Dostalíková

et al. 2024

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and the lateral pontine tegmentum contain GABAergic neurons that inhibit the activity of REM-on neurons in the SLD and vPAG during NREM sleep. As NREM sleep progresses, the inhibition is gradually lifted, allowing REM-on neurons to become more active [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, Glial Function, and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Neuroinflammation and Sleep Disorders

Camberos-Barraza,

Camacho-Zamora,

Bátiz-Beltrán

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The relationship between sleep, glial cells, and the endocannabinoid system represents a multifaceted regulatory network with profound implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive function. The molecular underpinnings of sleep modulation by the endocannabinoid system and its influence on glial cell activity are discussed, shedding light on the reciprocal relationships that govern these processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding the role of glial cells in mediating neuroinflammatory responses and their modulation by sleep patterns. Additionally, this review examines how the endocannabinoid system interfaces with glia-immune signaling to regulate inflammatory cascades within the central nervous system. Notably, the cognitive consequences of disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and glial dysfunction are addressed, encompassing implications for neurodegenerative disorders, mood disturbances, and cognitive decline. Insights into the bidirectional modulation of cognitive function by the endocannabinoid system in the context of sleep and glial activity are explored, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments associated with sleep disturbances. Furthermore, this review examines potential therapeutic avenues targeting the endocannabinoid system to mitigate neuroinflammation, restore glial homeostasis, and normalize sleep patterns. The identification of novel therapeutic targets within this intricate regulatory network holds promise for addressing conditions characterized by disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. This work aims to examine the complexities of neural regulation and identify potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

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“…Autopsy brain studies revealed the presence of Lewy bodies in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN), locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex, and gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the medulla oblongata of PD patients who previously developed idiopathic RBD [140]. These regions are considered part of the neural circuit that regulates atonia during REM sleep and are linked to RBD pathology [148].…”

Section: Sleep Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Silva,

Lopes-Silva,

Cunha

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease’s etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.

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Neural Control of REM Sleep and Motor Atonia: Current Perspectives

Cited by 7 publications

References 197 publications

Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study

Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study

Sleep, Glial Function, and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Neuroinflammation and Sleep Disorders

Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

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